Destination Area: Data and Decisions (D&D)
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The DA Data and Decisions advances the human condition and society with better decisions through data. D&D integrates all DAs and SGAs with data analytics and decision sciences. Work in this area embraces equity in the human condition by seeking the equitable distribution and availability of physical safety and well-being, psychological well-being, respect for human dignity, and access to crucial material and social resources throughout the world’s diverse communities. D&D also addresses policymaking and policy analysis, collaborating at the intersection of scientific evidence, governance, and analyses to translate scholarship into practice.
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Browsing Destination Area: Data and Decisions (D&D) by Content Type "Report"
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- Cross-scale Perspectives: Integrating Long-term and High-frequency Data into Our Understanding of Communities and EcosystemsCarey, Cayelan C.; Cottingham, Kathryn L. (Ecological Society of America, 2016-01)Ecologists are amassing extensive data sets that include both long-term records documenting trends and variability in natural systems on inter-annual to decadal time scales and sensor-based measurements on minute to subhourly scales for extended periods (Hampton et al. 2013). Together, these long- term and high- frequency data are contributing to our ecological understanding. Although there have been several previous ESA sessions that have explored the insights provided by either long-term data or high frequency data, to our knowledge this organized oral session provided one of the first opportunities to synthesize the lessons learned from leveraging both long-term data and high-frequency approaches.
- Data Mining to Improve Planning for Pedestrian and Bicyclist SafetyJahangiri, Arash; Hasani, Mahdie; Sener, Ipek Nese; Munira, Sirajum; Owens, Justin M.; Appleyard, Bruce; Ryan, Sherry; Turner, Shawn M.; Machiani, Sahar Ghanipoor (SAFE-D: Safety Through Disruption National University Transportation Center, 2019-11)Between 2009 and 2016, the number of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities saw a marked trend upward. Taken together, the overall percentage of pedestrian and bicycle crashes now accounts for 18% of total roadway fatalities, up from 13% only a decade ago. Technological advancements in transportation have created unique opportunities to explore and investigate new sources of data for the purpose of improving safety planning. This study investigated data from multiple sources, including automated pedestrian and bicycle counters, video cameras, crash databases, and GPS/mobile applications, to inform bicycle and pedestrian safety improvements. Data mining techniques, a new sampling strategy, and automated video processing methods were adopted to demonstrate a holistic approach that can be applied to identify facilities with highest need of improvement. To estimate pedestrian and bicyclist counts at intersections, exposure models were developed incorporating explanatory variables from a broad spectrum of data sources. Intersection-related crashes and estimated exposure were used to quantify risk, enabling identification of high-risk signalized intersections for walking and bicycling. The modeling framework and data sources used in this study will be beneficial in conducting future analyses for other facility types, such as roadway segments, and also at more aggregate levels, such as traffic analysis zones.
- Frustration and Anger in GamesBattigalli, Pierpaolo; Dufwenberg, Martin; Smith, Alexander Charles (Virginia Tech, 2015-08-24)Frustration, anger, and aggression have important consequences for economic and social behavior, concerning for example monopoly pricing, contracting, bargaining, traffic safety, violence, and politics. Drawing on insights from psychology, we develop a formal approach to exploring how frustration and anger, via blame and aggression, shape interaction and outcomes in economic settings.
- STRATEGY FOR A NATIONAL COMMUNITY LEARNING NETWORK: COMMUNITY LEARNING DATA DRIVEN DISCOVERY - Building Capacity for Evidence-Based Decision MakingKeller, Sallie A. (2016-12-19)The Social and Decision Analytics Laboratory (SDAL) of the Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech received a planning grant from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation (LJAF) to develop a strategy for a national community learning network. Through the development of this strategy Virginia Tech formed a partnership with Iowa State University, placing Virginia and Iowa at the center of initiating a national movement that would empower local governments to embrace data-driven governance. The first steps of this national strategy involve massive deployment of community learning across Virginia and Iowa, using these states as exemplars for igniting a full national movement. Based on the research completed in this grant, Virginia Tech and Iowa State University are developing a proposal with LJAF to realize the first steps of this national strategy - a Land Grant Partnership for Data-Driven Governance.
- Stresses and Instability in Coastal Systems: Sustaining Prosperity, Increasing Diversity and Achieving ResilienceWeiss, Robert; Bukvic, Anamaria; Dayer, Ashley A.; Fraser, James D.; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Catlin, Daniel H.; Juran, Luke; Wynne, Randolph H.; Gohlke, Julia M.; Boyle, Kevin J.; Irish, Jennifer L.; Leon, Roberto T.; Zobel, Christopher W.; Rees, Loren P.; Zhang, Yang; Schenk, Todd; Dixit, Priya (Virginia Tech, 2017-05-15)More than half of the world’s human population lives within 40 miles of the sea. Coastal cities are the backbone of global finance, trade, manufacturing, and transportation. Millions of people worldwide travel to beaches for recreation. Coastal fisheries and aquaculture are key sources of food, and the chief source of protein in most developing countries. The coast is home to a diverse range of plants and animals, some commercially valuable, some threatened or endangered, and all part of unique ecosystems. Coastal livelihoods, tourism, fish and wildlife species, and ecosystem services are threatened by climate change and its associated impact on coastal hazards. Flooding and coastal disasters from New York to Kolkata have killed thousands of people and cost trillions of dollars. By 2100 more than 100 million people could be displaced by sea-level change, 13 million in the U.S. alone. The stability of the global economy is threatened by sea-level change...