This In-Focus book presents fragments of the arduous biodiversity research work carried out and ongoing in numerous, often far away and little known places around the world. The book builds on an internal review of 10 years of IDRC support to agricultural biodiversity. Both the book and the review aim to take stock of the cumulative efforts in terms of research and development achievements and challenges. They are meant to be formative: to enhance ongoing work, conceptually, methodologically, and practically.