Road rehabilitation has been an important part of the USAID portfolio in Southern Sudan for some time. Although some of these investments were clearly emergency in nature, others were funded with USAID Development Assistance resources and therefore subject to the Agency's environmental procedures (22CFR216). Under these regulations, road rehabilitation falls into a category of activities always requiring an environmental assessment because of an automatic positive threshold decision. This Programmatic Environment Assessment (PEA) was carried out to meet those requirements.