Conservation agriculture holds promise to address challenges of soil erosion and declining yields, making it a critical technology for improving food security and protecting the environment. This book brings together research from Sustainable Management of Agroecological Resources for Tribal Societies (SMARTS), a regional project of the Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources Management Innovation Lab. Insights from this project, which took place in Nepal and India from 2009 to 2014, provide an in-depth case study of the application of conservation agriculture. Chapters explore a variety of facets, including economic potential, gendered implications, and effects on soil.