Wildland-urban interface fire ashes as a major source of incidental nanomaterials

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dc.contributor.authorAlshehri, Talalen
dc.contributor.authorWang, Jingjingen
dc.contributor.authorSingerling, Sheryl A.en
dc.contributor.authorGigault, Julienen
dc.contributor.authorWebster, Jackson P.en
dc.contributor.authorMatiasek, Sandrine J.en
dc.contributor.authorAlpers, Charles N.en
dc.contributor.authorBaalousha, Mohammeden
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-09T13:44:45Zen
dc.date.available2023-06-09T13:44:45Zen
dc.date.issued2023-02-05en
dc.description.abstractAlthough metal and metalloid concentrations in wildfire ashes have been documented, the nature and concen-trations of incidental nanomaterials (INMs) in wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire ashes have received consid-erably less attention. In this study, the total metal and metalloid concentrations of 57 vegetation, structural, and vehicle ashes and underlying soils collected at the WUI following the 2020 fire season in northern California - North Complex Fire and LNU Lightning Complex Fire - were determined using inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The concentrations of Ti, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sb, Co, Bi, Cr, Ba, As, Rb, and W are generally higher in structural/vehicle-derived ashes than in vegetation -derived ashes and soils. The concentrations of Ca, Sr, Rb, and Ag increased with increased combustion completeness (e.g., black ash < gray ash < white ash), whereas those of C, N, Zn, Pb, and In decreased with increased combustion completeness. The concentration of anthropogenic Ti - determined by mass balance calculations and shifts in Ti/Nb above the natural background ratios - was highest in vehicle ash (median: 30.8 g kg -1, range: 4.5-41.0 g kg -1) followed by structural ash (median: 5.5 g kg -1, range: of 0-77.4 g kg -1). Various types of carbonaceous INM (e.g., amorphous carbon, turbostratic-like carbon, and carbon associated with zinc oxides) and metal-bearing INMs (e.g., Ti, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cr) with sizes between few nanometers to few hundreds of nanometers were evidenced in ashes using transmission electron microscopy, including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Overall, this study demonstrates the abundance of a variety of metals and met-alloids in the form of INMs in WUI fire ashes. This study also highlights the need for further research into the formation, transformation, reactivity, fate, and effects of INMs during and following fires at the WUI.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesThis work was supported by a United States National Science Foundation grants (2101983 and 1828055) and by the Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory and the Virginia Tech National Center for Earth and Environmental Nanotechnology Infrastructure (NanoEarth), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI), supported by NSF (ECCS 1542100 and ECCS 2025151). Matthew Uychutin (U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA) assisted with collection of ash samples. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.en
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States National Science Foundation [2101983, 1828055]; Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory; Virginia Tech National Center for Earth and Environmental Nanotechnology Infrastructure (NanoEarth); NSF [ECCS 1542100, ECCS 2025151]; Directorate For Engineering; Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [2101983] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys; Directorate For Engineering [1828055] Funding Source: National Science Foundationen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130311en
dc.identifier.eissn1873-3336en
dc.identifier.issn0304-3894en
dc.identifier.pmid36368066en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/115389en
dc.identifier.volume443en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.rightsPublic Domain (U.S.)en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/en
dc.subjectIncidental nanomaterialsen
dc.subjectWildland-urban interface fireen
dc.subjectFire ashen
dc.subjectMetals and metalloidsen
dc.titleWildland-urban interface fire ashes as a major source of incidental nanomaterialsen
dc.title.serialJournal of Hazardous Materialsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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