Effector diversification within compartments of the Leptosphaeria maculans genome affected by Repeat-Induced Point mutations

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dc.contributor.authorRouxel, Thierryen
dc.contributor.authorGrandaubert, Jonathanen
dc.contributor.authorHane, James K.en
dc.contributor.authorHoede, Claireen
dc.contributor.authorvan de Wouw, Angela P.en
dc.contributor.authorCouloux, Arnauden
dc.contributor.authorDominguez, Victoriaen
dc.contributor.authorAnthouard, Veroniqueen
dc.contributor.authorBally, Pascalen
dc.contributor.authorBourras, Salimen
dc.contributor.authorCozijnsen, Anton J.en
dc.contributor.authorCiuffetti, Lynda M.en
dc.contributor.authorDegrave, Alexandreen
dc.contributor.authorDilmaghani, Azitaen
dc.contributor.authorDuret, Laurenten
dc.contributor.authorFudal, Isabelleen
dc.contributor.authorGoodwin, Stephen B.en
dc.contributor.authorGout, Lilianen
dc.contributor.authorGlaser, Nicolasen
dc.contributor.authorLinglin, Julietteen
dc.contributor.authorKema, Gert H. J.en
dc.contributor.authorLapalu, Nicolasen
dc.contributor.authorLawrence, Christopher B.en
dc.contributor.authorMay, Kimen
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, Michelen
dc.contributor.authorOllivier, Benedicteen
dc.contributor.authorPoulain, Julieen
dc.contributor.authorSchoch, Conrad L.en
dc.contributor.authorSimon, Adelineen
dc.contributor.authorSpatafora, Joseph W.en
dc.contributor.authorStachowiak, Annaen
dc.contributor.authorTurgeon, B. Gillianen
dc.contributor.authorTyler, Brett M.en
dc.contributor.authorVincent, Delphineen
dc.contributor.authorWeissenbach, Jeanen
dc.contributor.authorAmselem, Joelleen
dc.contributor.authorQuesneville, Hadien
dc.contributor.authorOliver, Richard P.en
dc.contributor.authorWincker, Patricken
dc.contributor.authorBalesdent, Marie-Heleneen
dc.contributor.authorHowlett, Barbara J.en
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-19T14:53:31Zen
dc.date.available2019-02-19T14:53:31Zen
dc.date.issued2011-02en
dc.description.abstractFungi are of primary ecological, biotechnological and economic importance. Many fundamental biological processes that are shared by animals and fungi are studied in fungi due to their experimental tractability. Many fungi are pathogens or mutualists and are model systems to analyse effector genes and their mechanisms of diversification. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the phytopathogenic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans and characterize its repertoire of protein effectors. The L. maculans genome has an unusual bipartite structure with alternating distinct guanine and cytosine-equilibrated and adenine and thymine (AT)-rich blocks of homogenous nucleotide composition. The AT-rich blocks comprise one-third of the genome and contain effector genes and families of transposable elements, both of which are affected by repeat-induced point mutation, a fungal-specific genome defence mechanism. This genomic environment for effectors promotes rapid sequence diversification and underpins the evolutionary potential of the fungus to adapt rapidly to novel host-derived constraints.en
dc.description.notesWe acknowledge Marc-Henri Lebrun (INRA-Bioger) and Francis Martin (INRA, Interactions arbres/micro-organismes, Champenoux, France) for support and advice. The genome sequencing of L. maculans was funded by the Genoscope, Institut de Genomique, CEA, France. The establishment of databases and interfaces was funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (GnpAnnot project; ANR-07-GPLA-051G). Wholegenome effector analysis was funded by ANR (FungEffector project; ANR-06-BLAN-0399). Recombination analysis and P.B. were funded by ANR (AvirLep project; ANR-07-GPLA-015). B.J.H and R.P.O. thank the Australian Grains Research and Development Corporation for funding. C.L.S was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine. J.W.S acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant number DEB-0717476. B.M.T. was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant number IOS-0924861. Thanks are due to INRA-SPE department, the 'Leptosphaeria maculans' scientific and applied community, and the 'Dothideomycete' community for support of the L. maculans genome initiative.en
dc.description.sponsorshipMarc-Henri Lebrun (INRA-Bioger)en
dc.description.sponsorshipFrancis Martin (INRA, Interactions arbres/micro-organismes, Champenoux, France)en
dc.description.sponsorshipGenoscope, Institut de Genomique, CEA, Franceen
dc.description.sponsorshipAgence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-07-GPLA-051G]en
dc.description.sponsorshipANR [ANR-06-BLAN-0399, ANR-07-GPLA-015]en
dc.description.sponsorshipAustralian Grains Research and Development Corporationen
dc.description.sponsorshipNIH, National Library of Medicineen
dc.description.sponsorshipU.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0717476, IOS-0924861]en
dc.description.sponsorship'Dothideomycete' communityen
dc.description.sponsorshipINRA-SPE departmenten
dc.description.sponsorship'Leptosphaeria maculans' scientific and applied communityen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1189en
dc.identifier.issn2041-1723en
dc.identifier.pmid21326234en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/87721en
dc.identifier.volume2en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleEffector diversification within compartments of the Leptosphaeria maculans genome affected by Repeat-Induced Point mutationsen
dc.title.serialNature Communicationsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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