Radio signal identification, identification system learning, and identifier deployment

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training and deploying machine-learned identification of radio frequency (RF) signals. One of the methods includes: determining an RF signal configured to be transmitted through an RF band of a communication medium; determining first classification information that is associated with the RF signal, and that includes a representation of a characteristic of the RF signal or a characteristic of an environment in which the RF signal is communicated; using at least one machine-learning network to process the RF signal and generate second classification information as a prediction of the first classification information; calculating a measure of distance between (i) the second classification information that was generated by the at least one machine-learning network, and (ii) the first classification information associated with the RF signal; and updating the at least one machine-learning network based on the measure of distance.