Radon properties, chemistry and occurrence with emphasis on ground water

Abstract

Radon is a decay product of uranium which occurs in soils and ground water. Naturally occurring high levels of radon are often found in ground water associated with granitic rocks, carbonaceous black shales and phosphate-rich rocks and sediments. Elevated levels are also associated with phosphate and uranium mining operations and the tailings piles associated with them. Radon degasses into indoor air when ground water rich in radon is utilized for household purposes. The alpha and beta particles produced by the decay of the radon daughters are responsible for inducing cancer of the lung and bones. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the maximum acceptable level of radon in indoor air in homes is 4 pCi/L. Remediation techniques have been developed for removal of radon and other radionuclides from drinking water both at the municipal and home levels. Some of these methods include spray aeration, granular activated carbon and packed tower aeration.