Biology, Ecology, and Management of Nonnative Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Ornamental Plant Nurseries

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dc.contributor.authorRanger, Christopher M.en
dc.contributor.authorReding, Michael E.en
dc.contributor.authorSchultz, Peter B.en
dc.contributor.authorOliver, Jason B.en
dc.contributor.authorFrank, Steven D.en
dc.contributor.authorAddesso, Karla M.en
dc.contributor.authorChong, Juang Hongen
dc.contributor.authorSampson, Blair J.en
dc.contributor.authorWerle, Christopher T.en
dc.contributor.authorGill, Stantonen
dc.contributor.authorKrause, Charlesen
dc.contributor.departmentVirginia Agricultural Experiment Stationen
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-16T19:11:47Zen
dc.date.available2019-05-16T19:11:47Zen
dc.date.issued2016-01en
dc.description.abstractXylosandrus germanus (Blandford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are two of the most damaging nonnative ambrosia beetle pests in ornamental plant nurseries. Adult females tunnel into the stems and branches of host plants to create galleries with brood chambers. Hosts are infected with symbiotic Ambrosiella spp. fungi that serve as food for the larvae and adults. Plants can also become infected with secondary opportunistic pathogens, including Fusarium spp. Both X. germanus and X. crassiusculus have broad host ranges, and infestations can result in "toothpicks" of extruded chewed wood and sap flow associated with gallery entrances, canopy dieback, stem and trunk cankers, and plant death. Beetles efficiently locate and preferentially attack living, weakened plants, especially those physiologically stressed by flooding, inadequate drainage, frost injury, or winter injury and low temperature. Maintaining plant health is the foundation of a management plan. Vulnerable hosts can be partially protected with preventive pyrethroid applications in the spring before peak flight and attack, which are monitored using ethanol-based trapping tactics.en
dc.description.notesWe thank Jenny Barnett (USDA-ARS), Betsy Anderson (USDA-ARS), Helene Doughty (VT-HRAREC), Elizabeth Barekzi (VT-HRAREC), and Elizabeth Gliem (VT-HRAREC) for technical assistance. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was funded by the Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (USDA-FNRI), Horticultural Research Institute (HRI), USDA-ARS National Program 304-Crop Protection and Quarantine (Project 3607-22000-012-00D), American Nursery and Landscape Association, USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and the Virginia Nursery and Landscape Association. Mention of proprietary products or companies does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, The Ohio State University, Virginia Tech, Tennessee State University, North Carolina State University, Clemson University, or the University of Maryland.en
dc.description.sponsorshipFloriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (USDA-FNRI); Horticultural Research Institute (HRI); USDA-ARS National Program 304-Crop Protection and Quarantine [3607-22000-012-00D]; American Nursery and Landscape Association; USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Virginia Nursery and Landscape Associationen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmw005en
dc.identifier.eissn2155-7470en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/89544en
dc.identifier.volume7en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherEntomological Society of Americaen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/en
dc.subjectXylosandrus germanusen
dc.subjectXylosandrus crassiusculusen
dc.subjectintegrated pest managementen
dc.subjectambrosia beetleen
dc.titleBiology, Ecology, and Management of Nonnative Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Ornamental Plant Nurseriesen
dc.title.serialJournal of Integrated Pest Managementen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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