Identification and quantification of Cr, Cu, and As incidental nanomaterials derived from CCA-treated wood in wildland-urban interface fire ashes

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dc.contributor.authorAlam, Mahbuben
dc.contributor.authorAlshehri, Talalen
dc.contributor.authorWang, Jingjingen
dc.contributor.authorSingerling, Sheryl A.en
dc.contributor.authorAlpers, Charles N.en
dc.contributor.authorBaalousha, Mohammeden
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-09T13:44:46Zen
dc.date.available2023-06-09T13:44:46Zen
dc.date.issued2023-03-05en
dc.description.abstractIn addition to the combustion of vegetation, fires at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) burn structural mate-rials, including chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood. This study identifies, quantifies, and charac-terizes Cr-, Cu-, and As-bearing incidental nanomaterials (INMs) in WUI fire ashes collected from three residential structures suspected to have originated from the combustion of CCA-treated wood. The total elemental concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS) following acid digestion. The crystalline phases were determined using transmission electron micro-scopy (TEM), specifically using electron diffraction and high-resolution imaging. The multi-element single particle composition and size distribution were determined by single particle (SP)-ICP-TOF-MS coupled with agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis. Chromium, Cu, and As are the dominant elements in the ashes and together account for 93%, 83%, and 24% of the total mass of measured elements in the ash samples. Chromium, Cu, and As phases, analyzed by TEM, most closely match CrO3, CrO2, eskolaite (Cr2O3), CuCrO2, CuCr2O4, CrAs2O6, As2O5, AsO2, claudetite (As2O3, monoclinic), or arsenolite (As2O3, cubic), although a bona fide phase identification for each particle was not always possible. These phases occur predominantly as het-eroaggregates. Multi-element single particle analyses demonstrate that Cr occurs as a pure phase (i.e., Cr oxides) as well as in association with other elements (e.g., Cu and As); Cu occurs predominantly in association with Cr and As; and As occurs as As oxides and in association with Cu and Cr. Several Cr, Cu, and As clusters were identified and the molar ratios of Cr/Cu and Cr/As within these clusters are consistent with the crystalline phases identified by TEM as well as their heteroaggregates. These results indicate that WUI fires can lead to significant release of CCA constituents and their combustion-transformed by-products into the surrounding environment. This study also provides a method to identify and track CCA constituents in environmental systems based on multi-element analysis using SP-ICP-TOF-MS.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesThis work was supported by a RAPID grant (2101983) from the National Science Foundation (NSF), by the Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory and the Virginia Tech National Center for Earth and Environmental Nanotechnology Infrastructure (NanoEarth), a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI), supported by NSF (ECCS 1542100 and ECCS 2025151), and by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Pro-gram, Minerals Integrated Science Team, under the Environmental Health Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.en
dc.description.sponsorshipRAPID grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) [2101983]; Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory; Virginia Tech National Center for Earth and Environmental Nanotechnology Infrastructure (NanoEarth) - NSF [ECCS 1542100, ECCS 2025151]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, Minerals Integrated Science Team, under the Environmental Health Program of the USGS Ecosystem Mission Area; Directorate For Engineering; Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [2101983] Funding Source: National Science Foundationen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130608en
dc.identifier.eissn1873-3336en
dc.identifier.issn0304-3894en
dc.identifier.pmid37056018en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/115391en
dc.identifier.volume445en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.rightsPublic Domain (U.S.)en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/en
dc.subjectChromated Copper Arsenateen
dc.subjectWildland-urban interface firesen
dc.subjectIncidental nanomaterialsen
dc.subjectChromium Copper and Arsenicen
dc.subjectPhase identificationen
dc.titleIdentification and quantification of Cr, Cu, and As incidental nanomaterials derived from CCA-treated wood in wildland-urban interface fire ashesen
dc.title.serialJournal of Hazardous Materialsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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