Applied biodiversity science: Managing emerging diseases in agriculture and linked natural systems using ecological principles

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dc.contributor.authorGarrett, Karen A.en
dc.contributor.authorCox, C. M.en
dc.contributor.departmentSustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebaseen
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-19T19:10:47Zen
dc.date.available2016-04-19T19:10:47Zen
dc.date.issued2008en
dc.description.abstractPathogen reproduction tends to be host-frequency dependent, so that disease may be more problematic when particular crop species or genotypes are very common. Nonetheless, production agriculture is dominated by extensive monocultures. This is due partly to artifacts of agricultural policy and decision-making, but partly also to the real challenges of understanding and manipulating the ecological genomics of a single crop genotype, not to mention multiple species and genotypes. So there are trade-offs in investing agricultural research in many versus only a few agricultural species. Agricultural diseases may emerge or re-emerge for a number of reasons, including new pathogen introductions, new adaptation of pathogens to previously effective resistance genes, new types of host homogeneity (such as the widespread deployment of Texas male sterile cytoplasm in maize), trading policies that increase the economic impact of uncommon infections, and changes in the abiotic environment. Technological abilities in ecological genomics that are needed to support management of emerging and long-term disease include the ability to manipulate disease resistance genes in crops, the ability to devise crop plant communities at multiple spatial scales that are optimal for a range of agronomic traits, the ability to manipulate microbial communities for disease suppressive characteristics, and the ability to minimize undesired impacts on ecosystems surrounding agricultural systems. The construction of crop variety mixtures is an example of a technology that draws heavily on ecological ideas and has also contributed greatly to our understanding of disease ecology through experiments examining the effects of patterns of host variability on disease through time and space. New forms of agricultural systems, such as perennial grains, may also offer environmental benefits such as reduced erosion and nutrient leaching, but will also challenge ecological genomics to provide effective methods of disease management since pathogens may more easily accumulate in long-term agricultural stands. While agricultural systems have typically grown less diverse over the past century, advances in ecological genomics are likely to make it feasible for systems to incorporate higher levels of diversity in the future as agricultural scientists are better able to influence and manage complex agricultural communities for reduced disease.en
dc.description.notesCCRA-4 (Soil Metagenomics)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier1781en
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-691-12485-8en
dc.identifier.other1781_GarrettCox2006preprint.pdfen
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/66370en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherPrinceton, NJ: Princeton University Pressen
dc.relation.ispartofIn: Ostfeld, R.S., F. Keesing, V.T. Eviner (eds.) Cary Conference XI: Infectious disease ecology: the effects of ecosystems on disease and of disease on ecosystems, 368-386en
dc.relation.urihttp://sanrem.cals.vt.edu/1125/GarrettCox2006preprint.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectDisease controlen
dc.subjectBiodiversityen
dc.subjectAgricultureen
dc.subjectPathogen reproductionen
dc.subjectHost-frequeny dependenten
dc.subjectCrop speciesen
dc.subjectNatural systemsen
dc.subjectEcological principlesen
dc.subjectEcosystemen
dc.titleApplied biodiversity science: Managing emerging diseases in agriculture and linked natural systems using ecological principlesen
dc.title.alternativeCiencia de la biodiversidad aplicada: manejando enfermedades emergentes en agricultura y sistemas naturales vinculados usando principios ecológicosen
dc.typeBooken
dc.typeBook chapteren
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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