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Ozone disinfection of waterborne pathogens and their surrogates: A critical review

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dc.contributor.authorMorrison, Christina M.en
dc.contributor.authorHogard, Samanthaen
dc.contributor.authorPearce, Roberten
dc.contributor.authorGerrity, Danielen
dc.contributor.authorWert, Eric C.en
dc.contributor.authorvon Gunten, Ursen
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-17T12:48:55Zen
dc.date.available2022-06-17T12:48:55Zen
dc.date.issued2022-05-01en
dc.description.abstractViruses, Giardia cysts, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are all major causes of waterborne diseases that can be uniquely challenging in terms of inactivation/removal during water and wastewater treatment and water reuse. Ozone is a strong disinfectant that has been both studied and utilized in water treatment for more than a century. Despite the wealth of data examining ozone disinfection, direct comparison of results from different studies is challenging due to the complexity of aqueous ozone chemistry and the variety of the applied approaches. In this systematic review, an analysis of the available ozone disinfection data for viruses, Giardia cysts, and C. parvum oocysts, along with their corresponding surrogates, was performed. It was based on studies implementing procedures which produce reliable and comparable datasets. Datasets were compiled and compared with the current USEPA Ct models for ozone. Additionally, the use of non-pathogenic surrogate organisms for prediction of pathogen inactivation during ozone disinfection was evaluated. Based on second-order inactivation rate constants, it was determined that the inactivation efficiency of ozone decreases in the following order: Viruses >> Giardia cysts > C. parvum oocysts. The USEPA Ct models were found to be accurate to conservative in predicting inactivation of C. parvum oocysts and viruses, respectively, however they overestimate inactivation of Giardia cysts at ozone Ct values greater than ~1 mg min L-1. Common surrogates of these pathogens, such as MS2 bacterio-phage and Bacillus subtilis spores, were found to exhibit different inactivation kinetics to mammalian viruses and C. parvum oocysts, respectively. The compilation of data highlights the need for further studies on disinfection kinetics and inactivation mechanisms by ozone to better fit inactivation models as well as for proper selection of surrogate organisms.en
dc.description.notesThis review was funded by The Water Research Foundation Project Number 5035: Impact of Bromate Control Measures on Ozone Oxidation/Disinfection and Downstream Treatment Processes in Potable Reuse. We would also like to sincerely thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions which helped improve the quality of this review article.en
dc.description.sponsorshipWater Research Foundation [5035]en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118206en
dc.identifier.eissn1879-2448en
dc.identifier.issn0043-1354en
dc.identifier.other118206en
dc.identifier.pmid35276607en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/110827en
dc.identifier.volume214en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevieren
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectOzoneen
dc.subjectDisinfectionen
dc.subjectCryptosporidiumen
dc.subjectGiardiaen
dc.subjectVirusen
dc.subjectPathogenen
dc.titleOzone disinfection of waterborne pathogens and their surrogates: A critical reviewen
dc.title.serialWater Researchen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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