The Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Solid Waste Between the United States and Mexico

This study examines the transboundary movement of hazardous waste between the United States and Mexico and the consequences resulting from policy failures to regulate the trade. This issue continues to intensify despite measures and policies passed by the United States, impacting the public and environmental health of Mexican cities and communities near the United States - Mexico border.

This research discusses the practice of hazardous waste trading, a global phenomenon, and focuses on the United States particularly because it is the largest exporter in the global waste trade. Focus is placed on U.S. trade with Mexico because although Canada imports the most waste from the U.S., Mexico receives the second most waste but cannot deal with it in an environmentally sound manner. Examination of the historical context influencing this trade relationship and policy framework is used to pinpoint weaknesses and potential leverage points to provide recommendations.

Limited data on exports from the U.S. is publicly available on waste classification and volumes, restricting the research scope and being a policy failure itself. A content analysis of news sources and legal documentation provides information regarding the trade’s impact on communities. Residents near waste disposal sites report illnesses further exemplifying the need for stricter regulations within this trade to protect human health. Companies implicated include Tesla, Sally's Beauty Supply, and the U.S. Navy.

This case study emphasizes the ethical and environmental risks of the global waste trade, placing responsibility on developed nations and corporations. As a part of this report, policy recommendations are made to further strengthen the framework of international policies, U.S. domestic policy, and the bilateral agreements with Mexico that regulate the waste trade.