Ngitili agrosilvipastoral systems in the United Republic of Tanzania

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dc.contributor.authorKamwenda, G. J.en
dc.contributor.departmentSustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebaseen
dc.coverage.spatialMeatu Districten
dc.coverage.spatialShinyanga Regionen
dc.coverage.spatialTanzaniaen
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-19T19:11:43Zen
dc.date.available2016-04-19T19:11:43Zen
dc.date.issued2002en
dc.description.abstractEnvironmental degradation resulting from extensive grazing and haphazard exploitation of rangeland forestry resources is a severe problem for the agropastoralists of Shinyanga, a northeastern region of the United Republic of Tanzania. Threats to livelihoods and the environment in this region include, among others, shortage of dry season fodder, deforestation, woodfuel scarcity, food insecurity and severe soil erosion. However, a traditional management system locally termed 'ngitili' (dry-season fodder reserves) among the Wasukuma agropastoralists of Shinyanga has proved to be instrumental in range management and forest restoration. The system at the same time alleviates dry season fodder shortages, prevents environmental degradation such as soil erosion, and helps conserve biodiversity. It is estimated that between 350 000 and 500 000 ha of woodland were restored in the period from 1986 to 2001 (Kaale, Mlenge and Barrow, 2002). Ngitili are farmer-led initiatives evolved from traditional strategies for grazing and food security (Kamwenda, 1999). The system involves retaining an area of standing vegetation (grasses, trees, shrubs and forbs) from the onset to the end of the rainy season. The ngitili area remains closed to livestock at the beginning of the wet season and is opened up for grazing at the peak of dry season. The Wasukuma rules for protecting individual and communal ngitili are based on traditional village guards (sungusungu) and community assemblies (dagashida). These customary institutions are still important in contemporary natural resource management and have contributed to the successful management of ngitili, and particularly in adapting to the increase in herd size, which has grown above subsistence level. Unfortunately, the validity of ngitili as a silvipastoral system has remained unknown as a best practice for broader adoption or adaptation. To facilitate its extension, an iterative diagnostic and design (D&D) survey (a World Agroforestry Centre [ICRAF] methodology) was conducted in the Meatu district to identify the components, structure, management and technological specifications of the system. This survey was combined with qualitative land evaluation to establish the potential suitability of land for ngitili in comparison with extensive grazing.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier1584en
dc.identifier.citationUnasylva 53(211): 46-50en
dc.identifier.issn0041-6436en
dc.identifier.other1584_Ngitili_agrosilvipastoral_systems.pdfen
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/66692en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherWashington, D.C.: Information Service of F.A.O.en
dc.relation.urihttp://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/005/y4450e/y4450e14.htmen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2002 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsen
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectEcosystem managementen
dc.subjectDeforestationen
dc.subjectRange managementen
dc.subjectGrazingen
dc.subjectEnvironmental impactsen
dc.subjectBest management practicesen
dc.subjectForest managementen
dc.subjectLivestocken
dc.subjectLand use managementen
dc.subjectPasture managementen
dc.subjectConservation strategyen
dc.subjectConservationen
dc.subjectSustainabilityen
dc.subjectGrazing systemsen
dc.subjectNatural resource managementen
dc.subjectOver grazingen
dc.subjectResource management toolsen
dc.subjectHabitat destructionen
dc.subjectEcosystem Farm/Enterprise Scaleen
dc.titleNgitili agrosilvipastoral systems in the United Republic of Tanzaniaen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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