Coastal topography and hydrogeology control critical groundwater gradients and potential beach surface instability during storm surges

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dc.contributor.authorPaldor, Anneren
dc.contributor.authorStark, Ninaen
dc.contributor.authorFlorence, Matthewen
dc.contributor.authorRaubenheimer, Britten
dc.contributor.authorElgar, Steveen
dc.contributor.authorHousego, Rachelen
dc.contributor.authorFrederiks, Ryan S.en
dc.contributor.authorMichael, Holly A. A.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-14T15:01:07Zen
dc.date.available2023-04-14T15:01:07Zen
dc.date.issued2022-12en
dc.description.abstractOcean surges pose a global threat for coastal stability. These hazardous events alter flow conditions and pore pressures in flooded beach areas during both inundation and subsequent retreat stages, which can mobilize beach material, potentially enhancing erosion significantly. In this study, the evolution of surge-induced pore-pressure gradients is studied through numerical hydrologic simulations of storm surges. The spatiotemporal variability of critically high gradients is analyzed in three dimensions. The analysis is based on a threshold value obtained for quicksand formation of beach materials under groundwater seepage. Simulations of surge events show that, during the run-up stage, head gradients can rise to the calculated critical level landward of the advancing inundation line. During the receding stage, critical gradients were simulated seaward of the retreating inundation line. These gradients reach maximum magnitudes just as sea level returns to pre-surge levels and are most accentuated beneath the still-water shoreline, where the model surface changes slope. The gradients vary along the shore owing to variable beach morphology, with the largest gradients seaward of intermediate-scale (1-3 m elevation) topographic elements (dunes) in the flood zone. These findings suggest that the common practices in monitoring and mitigating surge-induced failures and erosion, which typically focus on the flattest areas of beaches, might need to be revised to include other topographic features.en
dc.description.notesThis research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. OCE1848650, OIA1757353,OCE1829136, EAR1933010, and CMMI-1751463, and a Graduate Research Fellowship) and the US Geological Survey (grant no NIWR 2018DE01G), a Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship, the US Coastal Research Program, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Investment in Science Programen
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation [OCE1848650, OIA1757353, OCE1829136, CMMI-1751463]; US Geological Survey [NIWR 2018DE01G]; Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship; US Coastal Research Program; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Investment in Science Programen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5987-2022en
dc.identifier.eissn1607-7938en
dc.identifier.issue23en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/114513en
dc.identifier.volume26en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherCopernicusen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectEffective-stressen
dc.subjectflowen
dc.subjectsalinizationen
dc.subjectdispersionen
dc.subjectdischargeen
dc.subjectaquifersen
dc.subjectfailureen
dc.subjectimpacten
dc.titleCoastal topography and hydrogeology control critical groundwater gradients and potential beach surface instability during storm surgesen
dc.title.serialHydrology and Earth System Sciencesen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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