Social and environmental factors affect natal dispersal and philopatry of male red-cockaded woodpeckers

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dc.contributorVirginia Techen
dc.contributor.authorPasinelli, G.en
dc.contributor.authorWalters, J. R.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiological Sciencesen
dc.date.accessed2014-03-11en
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-27T13:06:02Zen
dc.date.available2014-03-27T13:06:02Zen
dc.date.issued2002-08en
dc.description.abstractNatal dispersal behavior can vary considerably among individuals, but the causes intraspecific plasticity in dispersal are poorly understood. We tested six hypotheses about social and environmental conditions that might influence natal dispersal of males in the cooperatively breeding Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis). Further, we examined whether variation in dispersal behavior is heritable. Dispersing from the natal territory during the first year rather than remaining as a helper was associated with four factors. First, dispersing male fledglings were, on average, significantly lower in body mass than their philopatric siblings, indicating an influence of social dominance on dispersal. Second, individuals were more likely to disperse from territories with many male fledglings, independent of the number of adult male helpers per territory, suggesting that sibling (rather than helper-offspring) competition for future reproduction may be the underlying mechanism. Third, the probability of remaining as a helper rather than dispersing was positively associated with quality of the natal territory and with the number of high-quality territories close to the natal site. This suggests an influence of the benefits of philopatry, because many males that initially remain as helpers eventually become breeders on the natal territory or a neighboring territory. Finally, we found evidence that ecological constraints influence dispersal: the probability of dispersing was positively related to the availability of vacant territories in the wider neighborhood of the natal site. Natal dispersal behavior was not influenced by resource competition, measured as group size on the natal territory, or by local density, estimated as the number of active territories in the vicinity of the natal site. Based on comparisons of father-son and brother-brother dispersal behavior, we found no evidence for heritability of philopatric behavior. Dispersal of male fledgling Red-cockaded Woodpeckers can be viewed as conditional on social and ecological factors in the natal territory and in the immediate neighborhood. These factors seem to serve as proximate cues that influence young birds to either disperse or remain as philopatric helpers.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation (BSR-8307090, BSR-8717683)en
dc.description.sponsorshipDOD, Department of the Army, Fort Braggen
dc.description.sponsorshipDOD, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeuneen
dc.description.sponsorshipUSDAen
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Forests of North Carolina, Croatan National Foresten
dc.description.sponsorshipSwiss National Science Foundation (81ZH-57449)en
dc.identifier.citationGilberto Pasinelli and Jeffrey R. Walters 2002. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECT NATAL DISPERSAL AND PHILOPATRY OF MALE RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS. Ecology 83:2229-2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2229:SAEFAN]2.0.CO;2en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.2307/3072054en
dc.identifier.issn0012-9658en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/46829en
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/0012-9658%282002%29083%5B2229%3ASAEFAN%5D2.0.CO%3B2en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherEcological Society of Americaen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectbehavioral strategyen
dc.subjectcooperative breedingen
dc.subjectfledgling tacticsen
dc.subjectheritabilityen
dc.subjectlife historyen
dc.subjectnatal dispersalen
dc.subjectphilopatryen
dc.subjectpiciformesen
dc.subjectpicoides borealisen
dc.subjectpine habitaten
dc.subjectred-cockaded woodpeckeren
dc.subjectsocialen
dc.subjectdominanceen
dc.subjecthabitat-saturationen
dc.subjectdelayed dispersalen
dc.subjectterritory qualityen
dc.subjectacornen
dc.subjectwoodpeckeren
dc.subjectecological constraintsen
dc.subjectdipodomys-spectabilisen
dc.subjectcooperativeen
dc.subjectbreedersen
dc.subjectinbreeding avoidanceen
dc.subjectpopulation-densityen
dc.subjectbreeding dispersalen
dc.titleSocial and environmental factors affect natal dispersal and philopatry of male red-cockaded woodpeckersen
dc.title.serialEcologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden

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