Freeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetles

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dc.contributor.authorRanger, Christopher M.en
dc.contributor.authorSchultz, Peter B.en
dc.contributor.authorFrank, Steven D.en
dc.contributor.authorReding, Michael E.en
dc.contributor.departmentVirginia Agricultural Experiment Stationen
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-03T13:43:14Zen
dc.date.available2020-03-03T13:43:14Zen
dc.date.issued2019-05en
dc.description.abstractA broad host range and the utilization of living but weakened trees contribute, in part, to the invasion success of ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The present study assessed the capability of freeze stress to induce attacks by ambrosia beetles. Freeze stress predisposed Cercis canadensis L., Cornus florida L., Malus pumila Mill. and Styrax japonicus Sieb. to attack under field conditions, although no attacks occurred on untreated trees. More attacks occurred on freeze-stressed versus flood-stressed M. pumila in Virginia but not for S. japonicus in Ohio. Attacks on flooded trees were skewed towards the base of the trunk, whereas attacks on freeze-stressed trees mainly occurred around the upper regions of the trunk and into the branches. The predominant species recovered were Anisandrus maiche Stark and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) in Ohio, and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) in Virginia. Ethanol emissions from trunks of S. japonicus were detected by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at 1 day after imposing freeze stress, peaking 4 days after injury. Trees with an intolerance of freeze stress are predicted to be vulnerable to attack, especially when subjected to mild winter temperatures followed by late-spring freezes. Freeze stress could thereby facilitate the destructiveness of exotic ambrosia beetles.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesThis research was supported by the Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (USDA-FNRI), Horticultural Research Institute (HRI) and USDA-ARS National Program 304-Crop Protection and Quarantine (Project 3607-22 000-012-00D). We thank Jenny Barnett (USDA-ARS), Hannah Knapic (USDA-ARS) and Shelby Reutter (USDA-ARS) for technical assistance. We thank the anonymous reviewers for useful comments. Mention of proprietary products or companies does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service.en
dc.description.sponsorshipFloriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (USDA-FNRI); Horticultural Research Institute (HRI); USDA-ARS National Program 304-Crop Protection and Quarantine [3607-22 000-012-00D]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12317en
dc.identifier.eissn1461-9563en
dc.identifier.issn1461-9555en
dc.identifier.issue2en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/97113en
dc.identifier.volume21en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCC0 1.0 Universalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/en
dc.subjectAnisandrus maicheen
dc.subjectethanolen
dc.subjectfreeze stressen
dc.subjectXylosandrus germanusen
dc.subjectXylosandrus crassiusculusen
dc.titleFreeze stress of deciduous trees induces attacks by opportunistic ambrosia beetlesen
dc.title.serialAgricultural and Forest Entomologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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