Water transmission potential of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Larval viability and effectiveness of rainwater catchment sediment filters

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dc.contributor.authorHowe, Kathleenen
dc.contributor.authorKaluna, Lisaen
dc.contributor.authorLozano, Alicia J.en
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Bruce Torresen
dc.contributor.authorTagami, Yaekoen
dc.contributor.authorMcHugh, Roberten
dc.contributor.authorJarvi, Susanen
dc.contributor.departmentStatisticsen
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-31T14:07:18Zen
dc.date.available2019-07-31T14:07:18Zen
dc.date.issued2019-04-25en
dc.description.abstractNeuroangiostrongyliasis, caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, has been reported in Hawai'i since the 1950's. An increase in cases is being reported primarily from East Hawai'i Island, correlated with the introduction of the semi-slug Parmarion martensi. Households in areas lacking infrastructure for water must use rainwater catchment as their primary domestic water supply, for which there is no federal, state, or county regulation. Despite evidence that slugs and snails can contaminate water and cause infection, regulatory bodies have not addressed this potential transmission route. This study evaluates: 1) the emergence of live, infective-stage A. cantonensis larvae from drowned, non-native, pestiforous gastropods; 2) larvae location in an undisturbed water column; 3) longevity of free-living larvae in water; and 4) effectiveness of rainwater catchment filters in blocking infective-stage larvae. Larvae were shed from minced and whole gastropods drowned in either municipal water or rainwater with similar to 94% of larvae recovered from the bottom of the water column 72-96 hours post drowning. Infective-stage larvae were active for 21 days in municipal water. Histological sectioning of P. martensi showed proximity of nematode larvae to the body wall of the gastropod, consistent with the potential for shedding of larvae in slime. Gastropod tissue squashes showed effectivity as a quick screening method. Live, infective-stage larvae were able to traverse rainwater catchment polypropylene sediment filters of 20 mu m, 10 mu m, 5 mu m, and 1 mu m filtration ratings, but not a 5 mu m carbon block filter. These results demonstrate that live, infective-stage A. cantonensis larvae emerge from drowned snails and slugs, survive for extended periods of time in water, and may be able to enter a catchment user's household water supply. This study illustrates the need to better investigate and understand the potential role of contaminated water as a transmission route for neuroangiostrongyliasis.en
dc.description.notesThis work was supported by: (SJ) Donation, Dr. and Mrs. Richard Robbins representing the Max and Yetta Karasik Family Foundation, the funder did not play any role; (SJ) National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences, IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence, Award number: P20GM103466, the funder played no role; (SJ) Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, the funder played no role; (KH) University of Hawai'i at Hilo Research Council, the funder played no role; (SJ) State of Hawaii, the funder played no role.en
dc.description.sponsorshipMax and Yetta Karasik Family Foundationen
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences, IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence [P20GM103466]en
dc.description.sponsorshipDaniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacyen
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Hawai'i at Hilo Research Councilen
dc.description.sponsorshipState of Hawaiien
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209813en
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en
dc.identifier.issue4en
dc.identifier.othere0209813en
dc.identifier.pmid31022202en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/92203en
dc.identifier.volume14en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPLOSen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleWater transmission potential of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Larval viability and effectiveness of rainwater catchment sediment filtersen
dc.title.serialPLOS ONEen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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