Seasonal activity patterns of bats in high-elevation conifer sky islands

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dc.contributor.authorDiggins, Corinne A.en
dc.contributor.authorFord, W. Marken
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.coverage.stateNorth Carolinaen
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-20T18:04:59Zen
dc.date.available2022-09-20T18:04:59Zen
dc.date.issued2022-06en
dc.description.abstractIn the southern Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern USA, bat communities in high-elevation habitats tend to be relatively under-surveyed. High-elevation habitats may provide important habitat to certain species (i.e., migratory tree bats), and may serve as climate refugia during droughts or high temperatures. We conducted an opportunistic acoustic survey of bat communities in ten survey areas in high elevation (1,585-1,920 m a.s.l.) montane Picea rubens (red spruce)-Abies fraseri (Fraser fir) forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina. In each survey area, we randomly placed three full spectrum acoustic detectors (N = 30) during three seasons (spring, summer and fall) in 2015. We deployed each detector for two five-day periods during each season (n = 900 survey nights). Although we detected seven bat species/groups during the surveys, 73% of echolocation files were attributed to Lasiurus cinereus (hoary bat) and Lasionycteris noctivagans (silver-haired bat). Generally rare in the Appalachians and typically present only at low densities in the summer at mid- and low-elevations, both species were detected at all sites during all seasons. Overall, mean nightly activity of bats was higher in the summer than the spring or fall. We observed 3.7-5 times greater activity of L. cinereus in spruce-fir forests during the summer compared to spring and fall, whereas L. noctivagans had 1.3-5 times more activity in the summer compared to other seasons. After accounting for precipitation events, our finite mixture models showed that season, temperature, elevation, and canopy height influenced L. cinereus activity, whereas season and temperature affected L. noctivagans activity. Our observations suggest that high-elevation spruce-fir forests are providing summer foraging and possibly day-roosting habitat of tree bats not previously documented this far south in North America.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesNorth Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Pittman-Robertson grant; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Endangered Species Recovery Implementation grant; National Park Service Southern Appalachian Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit agreementen
dc.description.sponsorshipNorth Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Pittman-Robertson grant [W-66-R-1]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Endangered Species Recovery Implementation grant [F11AC01265]; National Park Service Southern Appalachian Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit agreement [P12AC13175]en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.007en
dc.identifier.eissn1733-5329en
dc.identifier.issn1508-1109en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/111935en
dc.identifier.volume24en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPolish Academy of Sciencesen
dc.rightsPublic Domain (U.S.)en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/en
dc.subjectacoustic surveysen
dc.subjectLasiurus cinereusen
dc.subjectLasionycteris noctivagansen
dc.subjectPicea rubens-Abies fraseri forestsen
dc.subjectsouthern Appalachian Mountainsen
dc.titleSeasonal activity patterns of bats in high-elevation conifer sky islandsen
dc.title.serialActa Chiropterologicaen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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