Five state factors control progressive stages of freshwater salinization syndrome

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dc.contributor.authorKaushal, Sujay S.en
dc.contributor.authorMayer, Paul M.en
dc.contributor.authorLikens, Gene E.en
dc.contributor.authorReimer, Jenna E.en
dc.contributor.authorMaas, Carly M.en
dc.contributor.authorRippy, Megan A.en
dc.contributor.authorGrant, Stanley B.en
dc.contributor.authorHart, Ianen
dc.contributor.authorUtz, Ryan M.en
dc.contributor.authorShatkay, Ruth R.en
dc.contributor.authorWessel, Barret M.en
dc.contributor.authorMaietta, Christine E.en
dc.contributor.authorPace, Michael L.en
dc.contributor.authorDuan, Shuiwangen
dc.contributor.authorBoger, Walter L.en
dc.contributor.authorYaculak, Alexis M.en
dc.contributor.authorGalella, Joseph G.en
dc.contributor.authorWood, Kelsey L.en
dc.contributor.authorMorel, Carol J.en
dc.contributor.authorNguyen, Williamen
dc.contributor.authorQuerubin, Shane Elizabeth C.en
dc.contributor.authorSukert, Rebecca A.en
dc.contributor.authorLowien, Annaen
dc.contributor.authorHoude, Alyssa Wellmanen
dc.contributor.authorRoussel, Anaisen
dc.contributor.authorHouston, Andrew J.en
dc.contributor.authorCacopardo, Arien
dc.contributor.authorHo, Cristyen
dc.contributor.authorTalbot-Wendlandt, Haleyen
dc.contributor.authorWidmer, Jacob M.en
dc.contributor.authorSlagle, Jairusen
dc.contributor.authorBader, James A.en
dc.contributor.authorChong, Jeng Hannen
dc.contributor.authorWollney, Jennaen
dc.contributor.authorKim, Jordanen
dc.contributor.authorShepherd, Laurenen
dc.contributor.authorWilfong, Matthew T.en
dc.contributor.authorHoulihan, Meganen
dc.contributor.authorSedghi, Nathanen
dc.contributor.authorButcher, Rebeccaen
dc.contributor.authorChaudhary, Sonaen
dc.contributor.authorBecker, William D.en
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-28T17:54:03Zen
dc.date.available2022-03-28T17:54:03Zen
dc.date.issued2022-03-16en
dc.description.abstractFactors driving freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) influence the severity of impacts and chances for recovery. We hypothesize that spread of FSS across ecosystems is a function of interactions among five state factors: human activities, geology, flowpaths, climate, and time. (1) Human activities drive pulsed or chronic inputs of salt ions and mobilization of chemical contaminants. (2) Geology drives rates of erosion, weathering, ion exchange, and acidification-alkalinization. (3) Flowpaths drive salinization and contaminant mobilization along hydrologic cycles. (4) Climate drives rising water temperatures, salt stress, and evaporative concentration of ions and saltwater intrusion. (5) Time influences consequences, thresholds, and potentials for ecosystem recovery. We hypothesize that state factors advance FSS in distinct stages, which eventually contribute to failures in systems-level functions (supporting drinking water, crops, biodiversity, infrastructure, etc.). We present future research directions for protecting freshwaters at risk based on five state factors and stages from diagnosis to prognosis to cure.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by: National Science Foundation GCR 2021089, Maryland Sea Grant SA75281870W, the Chesapeake Bay Trust, Pooled Monitoring Initiative, and its funding partners, and the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments contract 21-001.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10248en
dc.identifier.eissn2378-2242en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/109467en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherWileyen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectRoad salten
dc.subjectsaltwater intrusionen
dc.subjectaquatic ecosystemsen
dc.subjectsoil chemistryen
dc.subjectwaste-wateren
dc.subjectsalinityen
dc.subjectNitrogenen
dc.subjectstreamsen
dc.subjectriversen
dc.subjecttoxicityen
dc.titleFive state factors control progressive stages of freshwater salinization syndromeen
dc.title.serialLimnology and Oceanography Lettersen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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Scholarly Works, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Destination Area: Global Systems Science (GSS)
Scholarly Works, Center for Coastal Studies