AI-Based Adaptive User Interfaces

Abstract

This case study considers how AI-based adaptive user interfaces are changing the human-technology relationship. Drawing from the fields of human factors and ergonomics, the case begins with the Boeing 737 MAX crash example to demonstrate the dangers of user interface design without regard for human cognitive limitations. It then traces the development from user-configurable settings to adaptive interfaces that use AI to pick up on users' habits in real time. The study warns of the risks of these systems: from privacy and consent issues to data exploitation, design tricks, and radicalization via algorithmic echo chambers. With sweeping scenarios and illustrations—e.g., affective computing, personalized ecosystems, and surveillance capitalism—the case compels students to think critically about whether AI interfaces are actually feasible to advance the best interest of the user or whether they further entrenched vulnerabilities. Reflection and focus questions at the end position discussions on regulation, standardization vs. personalization, paternalism, and ethical design.