Evaluating Technologies to Reduce the Environmental Impact and Cost-Effective Food Packaging

The packaging industry is currently the third largest industry in the world with ⅔ being food packaging. Currently, plastic makes up over ⅔ of the materials used in food packaging which is harmful to the environment and human health due to the carcinogenic chemicals, Phthalates and Bisphenols, contained in high-density polyethylene plastic. Active packaging composed of antimicrobial materials is a promising alternative for food safety and stability that is cost-efficient, sustainable, and scalable. Antimicrobial materials can combat microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which pose a serious threat to food safety and packaging due to contamination that diminishes the food's shelf life and quality. In this research paper, we aim to obtain the best options for antimicrobial materials that fulfill the food packaging and safety needs of a rising world population. We will analyze multiple scholarly articles to discuss several alternatives to high-density polyethylene plastic. Nanotube technology is promising due to its absorption of ethylene excreted from fruit cells, oxidizing meat packages, and ultimately deterring microorganism proliferation through naturally occurring essential oils and metals that line the nanotubes. Nanotube technology will enhance food safety and food packaging, expand the food industry to be able to support the world’s growing population and ensure that world hunger is heavily reduced. Bamboo is another potential solution due to its natural antimicrobial agents, biodegradability, aesthetic appeal, and high strength-to-weight ratio. With growing environmental pressures and an increasing demand for sustainable packaging alternatives, these antimicrobial materials have the potential to enhance food safety and reduce climate change.