Ecological prevalence, genetic diversity, and epidemiological aspects of Salmonella isolated from tomato agricultural regions of the Virginia Eastern Shore

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dc.contributor.authorBell, Rebecca L.en
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Jieen
dc.contributor.authorBurrows, Eriken
dc.contributor.authorAllard, Sarahen
dc.contributor.authorWang, Charles Y.en
dc.contributor.authorKeys, Christine E.en
dc.contributor.authorMelka, David C.en
dc.contributor.authorStrain, Errolen
dc.contributor.authorLuo, Yanen
dc.contributor.authorAllard, Marc W.en
dc.contributor.authorRideout, Steven L.en
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Eric W.en
dc.contributor.departmentVirginia Agricultural Experiment Stationen
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.coverage.stateVirginiaen
dc.date.accessioned2019-03-20T12:48:11Zen
dc.date.available2019-03-20T12:48:11Zen
dc.date.issued2015-05-07en
dc.description.abstractVirginia is the third largest producer of fresh-market tomatoes in the United States. Tomatoes grown along the eastern shore of Virginia are implicated almost yearly in Salmonella illnesses. Traceback implicates contamination occurring in the pre-harvest environment. To get a better understanding of the ecological niches of Salmonella in the tomato agricultural environment, a 2-year study was undertaken at a regional agricultural research farm in Virginia. Environmental samples, including tomato (fruit, blossoms, and leaves), irrigation water, surface water and sediment, were collected over the growing season. These samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella using modified FDA-BAM methods. Molecular assays were used to screen the samples. Over 1500 samples were tested. Seventy-five samples tested positive for Salmonella yielding over 230 isolates. The most commonly isolated serovars were S. Newport and S. Javiana with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis yielding 39 different patterns. Genetic diversity was further underscored among many other serotypes, which showed multiple PFGE subtypes. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of several S. Newport isolates collected in 2010 compared to clinical isolates associated with tomato consumption showed very few single nucleotide differences between environmental isolates and clinical isolates suggesting a source link to Salmonella contaminated tomatoes. Nearly all isolates collected during two growing seasons of surveillance were obtained from surface water and sediment sources pointing to these sites as long-term reservoirs for persistent and endemic contamination of this environment.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00415en
dc.identifier.issn1664-302Xen
dc.identifier.other415en
dc.identifier.pmid25999938en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/88498en
dc.identifier.volume6en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherFrontiersen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleEcological prevalence, genetic diversity, and epidemiological aspects of Salmonella isolated from tomato agricultural regions of the Virginia Eastern Shoreen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Microbiologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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