Biosynthesis and Emission of Stress-Induced Volatile Terpenes in Roots and Leaves of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)

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dc.contributor.authorMuchlinski, Andrewen
dc.contributor.authorChen, Xinluen
dc.contributor.authorLovell, John T.en
dc.contributor.authorKöllner, Tobias G.en
dc.contributor.authorPelot, Kyle A.en
dc.contributor.authorZerbe, Philippen
dc.contributor.authorRuggiero, Meredithen
dc.contributor.authorCallaway, LeMar, IIIen
dc.contributor.authorLaliberte, Suzanneen
dc.contributor.authorChen, Fengen
dc.contributor.authorTholl, Dorotheaen
dc.contributor.departmentBiological Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-18T18:49:52Zen
dc.date.available2020-02-18T18:49:52Zen
dc.date.issued2019-09-19en
dc.description.abstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial C4 grass, represents an important species in natural and anthropogenic grasslands of North America. Its resilience to abiotic and biotic stress has made switchgrass a preferred bioenergy crop. However, little is known about the mechanisms of resistance of switchgrass against pathogens and herbivores. Volatile compounds such as terpenes have important activities in plant direct and indirect defense. Here, we show that switchgrass leaves emit blends of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes upon feeding by the generalist insect herbivore Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) and in a systemic response to the treatment of roots with defense hormones. Belowground application of methyl jasmonate also induced the release of volatile terpenes from roots. To correlate the emission of terpenes with the expression and activity of their corresponding biosynthetic genes, we identified a gene family of 44 monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthases (mono-and sesqui-TPSs) of the type-a, type-b, type-g, and type-e subfamilies, of which 32 TPSs were found to be functionally active in vitro. The TPS genes are distributed over the K and N subgenomes with clusters occurring on several chromosomes. Synteny analysis revealed syntenic networks for approximately 30-40% of the switchgrass TPS genes in the genomes of Panicum hallii, Setaria italica, and Sorghum bicolor, suggesting shared TPS ancestry in the common progenitor of these grass lineages. Eighteen switchgrass TPS genes were substantially induced upon insect and hormone treatment and the enzymatic products of nine of these genes correlated with compounds of the induced volatile blends. In accordance with the emission of volatiles, TPS gene expression was induced systemically in response to belowground treatment, whereas this response was not observed upon aboveground feeding of S. frugiperda. Our results demonstrate complex above and belowground responses of induced volatile terpene metabolism in switchgrass and provide a framework for more detailed investigations of the function of terpenes in stress resistance in this monocot crop.en
dc.description.notesThis work was supported by Community Science Program grant (WIP 2568) of the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute and funds by the Translational Plant Sciences Program at Virginia Tech. The work conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.en
dc.description.sponsorshipCommunity Science Program grant of Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute [WIP 2568]; Translational Plant Sciences Program at Virginia Tech; Office of Science of the US Department of EnergyUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01144en
dc.identifier.issn1664-462Xen
dc.identifier.other1144en
dc.identifier.pmid31608090en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/96926en
dc.identifier.volume10en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectswitchgrassen
dc.subjectterpene synthaseen
dc.subjectvolatileen
dc.subjectherbivoryen
dc.subjectdefenseen
dc.titleBiosynthesis and Emission of Stress-Induced Volatile Terpenes in Roots and Leaves of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)en
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Plant Scienceen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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