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Genome sequences of wild and domestic bactrian camels

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dc.contributor.authorJirimutuen
dc.contributor.authorWang, Zhenen
dc.contributor.authorDing, Guohuien
dc.contributor.authorChen, Gangliangen
dc.contributor.authorSun, Yaminen
dc.contributor.authorSun, Zhihongen
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Hepingen
dc.contributor.authorWang, Leien
dc.contributor.authorHasi, Surongen
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Yanen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Jianmeien
dc.contributor.authorShi, Yixiangen
dc.contributor.authorXu, Zeen
dc.contributor.authorHe, Chuanen
dc.contributor.authorYu, Sirigulengen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Shengdien
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Wenbinen
dc.contributor.authorBatmunkh, Mijiddorjen
dc.contributor.authorTs, Batsukhen
dc.contributor.authorNarenbatuen
dc.contributor.authorUnierhuen
dc.contributor.authorBat-Ireedui, Shirzanaen
dc.contributor.authorGao, Hongweien
dc.contributor.authorBaysgalan, Banzragchen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Qingen
dc.contributor.authorJia, Zhilingen
dc.contributor.authorTurigenbayilaen
dc.contributor.authorSubudenggerileen
dc.contributor.authorNarenmanduhuen
dc.contributor.authorWang, Zhaoxiaen
dc.contributor.authorWang, Juanen
dc.contributor.authorPan, Leien
dc.contributor.authorChen, Yongcanen
dc.contributor.authorGanerdene, Yaichilen
dc.contributor.authorDabxilten
dc.contributor.authorErdemten
dc.contributor.authorAltanshaen
dc.contributor.authorAltansukhen
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Tuyaen
dc.contributor.authorCao, Minhuien
dc.contributor.authorAruuntseveren
dc.contributor.authorBayarten
dc.contributor.authorHosbligen
dc.contributor.authorHe, Feien
dc.contributor.authorZha-ti, A.en
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Guangyongen
dc.contributor.authorQiu, Fengen
dc.contributor.authorSun, Zikuien
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Leleen
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Wenjingen
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Baohongen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Chaoen
dc.contributor.authorChen, Yunqinen
dc.contributor.authorTang, Xiaoyanen
dc.contributor.authorGuo, Chunyanen
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Weien
dc.contributor.authorMing, Liangen
dc.contributor.authorTemuulenen
dc.contributor.authorCui, Aiyingen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Yien
dc.contributor.authorGao, Junhuien
dc.contributor.authorLi, Jingen
dc.contributor.authorWurentaodien
dc.contributor.authorNiu, Shenen
dc.contributor.authorSun, Taoen
dc.contributor.authorZhai, Zhengxiaoen
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Minen
dc.contributor.authorChen, Chenen
dc.contributor.authorBaldan, Tuntegen
dc.contributor.authorBayaer, Tumanen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Yixueen
dc.contributor.authorMeng, Heen
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-19T14:53:30Zen
dc.date.available2019-02-19T14:53:30Zen
dc.date.issued2012-11en
dc.description.abstractBactrian camels serve as an important means of transportation in the cold desert regions of China and Mongolia. Here we present a 2.01 Gb draft genome sequence from both a wild and a domestic bactrian camel. We estimate the camel genome to be 2.38 Gb, containing 20,821 protein-coding genes. Our phylogenomics analysis reveals that camels shared common ancestors with other even-toed ungulates about 55-60 million years ago. Rapidly evolving genes in the camel lineage are significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, and these changes may underlie the insulin resistance typically observed in these animals. We estimate the genome-wide heterozygosity rates in both wild and domestic camels to be 1.0 x 10(-3). However, genomic regions with significantly lower heterozygosity are found in the domestic camel, and olfactory receptors are enriched in these regions. Our comparative genomics analyses may also shed light on the genetic basis of the camel's remarkable salt tolerance and unusual immune system.en
dc.description.notesWe are indebted to many people whose names are not included in the author list, but who contributed to this project. We thank the Ministry of Environment and Sources of Mongolia for permitting sample collections from wild bactrian camels. This work was supported by State key basic research programme (973) (2011CB910204, 2010CB529206, 2011CBA00801), Research Programme of CAS (KSCX2-EW-R-04, KSCX2-YW-R-190, 2011KIP204), National Natural Science Foundation of China (30900272, 31070752), Chinese Ministry for Science and Technology Grant 2008BAI64B01, Chinese High-Tech R&D Programme (863) (2009AA02Z304) and SA-SIBS Scholarship Programme.en
dc.description.sponsorshipState key basic research programme (973) [2011CB910204, 2010CB529206, 2011CBA00801]en
dc.description.sponsorshipResearch Programme of CAS [KSCX2-EW-R-04, KSCX2-YW-R-190, 2011KIP204]en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Natural Science Foundation of China [30900272, 31070752]en
dc.description.sponsorshipChinese Ministry for Science and Technology [2008BAI64B01]en
dc.description.sponsorshipChinese High-Tech R&D Programme (863) [2009AA02Z304]en
dc.description.sponsorshipSA-SIBS Scholarship Programmeen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2192en
dc.identifier.issn2041-1723en
dc.identifier.other1202en
dc.identifier.pmid23149746en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/87718en
dc.identifier.volume3en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleGenome sequences of wild and domestic bactrian camelsen
dc.title.serialNature Communicationsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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