Complex hemolymph circulation patterns in grasshopper wings

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dc.contributor.authorSalcedo, Mary K.en
dc.contributor.authorJun, Brian H.en
dc.contributor.authorSocha, John J.en
dc.contributor.authorPierce, Naomi E.en
dc.contributor.authorVlachos, Pavlos P.en
dc.contributor.authorCombes, Stacey A.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-09T13:36:20Zen
dc.date.available2023-10-09T13:36:20Zen
dc.date.issued2023-03en
dc.description.abstractAn insect's living systems-circulation, respiration, and a branching nervous system-extend from the body into the wing. Wing hemolymph circulation is critical for hydrating tissues and supplying nutrients to living systems such as sensory organs across the wing. Despite the critical role of hemolymph circulation in maintaining healthy wing function, wings are often considered "lifeless" cuticle, and flows remain largely unquantified. High-speed fluorescent microscopy and particle tracking of hemolymph in the wings and body of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana revealed dynamic flow in every vein of the fore- and hindwings. The global system forms a circuit, but local flow behavior is complex, exhibiting three distinct types: pulsatile, aperiodic, and "leaky" flow. Thoracic wing hearts pull hemolymph from the wing at slower frequencies than the dorsal vessel; however, the velocity of returning hemolymph (in the hindwing) is faster than in that of the dorsal vessel. To characterize the wing's internal flow mechanics, we mapped dimensionless flow parameters across the wings, revealing viscous flow regimes. Wings sustain ecologically important insect behaviors such as pollination and migration. Analysis of the wing circulatory system provides a template for future studies investigating the critical hemodynamics necessary to sustaining wing health and insect flight. Study of grasshopper wings shows that hemolymph flows through every vein in the insect wing, creating a broad circuitous flow pattern in the wings, with three different flow behaviours (pulsatile, leaky, aperiodic).en
dc.description.notesWe thank Dr. Stefan Jaronski (USDA) for his continuous grasshopper supply, thoughtful discussions, and support, and Dr. Missy Holbrook for helpful advice in finding a model system. We thank the Holbrook lab for giving space to the grasshopper colony for 2 years and allowing insect experiments in her plant lab. We thank L. Mahadevan for his advice, comments, and edits throughout the experiment and process. We thank the Harvard Center for Biological Imaging for infrastructure and support, specifically Dr. Doug Richardson for his advice and time training. We thank Dr. Siddarth Srinivasan for his expertise in measuring biological flows and his time spent in helping train on the microscope. We thank the Socha Lab members for their thoughtful feedback and support in analysis and writing. Lastly, special thanks to Dr. Jacob Peters for his advice and support throughout the project. This research was funded through two US National Science Foundation (NSF) fellowships to M.K.S. (NSF GRFP and an NSF PRFB 1812215) and partially supported by NSF 1558052 to J.J.S. M.K.S. was also partially supported by the United States of Agriculture NIFA Fellowship (Award: 2022-67012-37679).en
dc.description.sponsorshipHarvard Center for Biological Imaging for infrastructure; US National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF [1558052, 1812215]; United States of Agriculture [2022-67012-37679]; Div Of Biological Infrastructure; Direct For Biological Sciences [1812215] Funding Source: National Science Foundationen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04651-2en
dc.identifier.eissn2399-3642en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.other313en
dc.identifier.pmid36959465en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/116427en
dc.identifier.volume6en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherNature Portfolioen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectschistocerca-gregariaen
dc.subjectmechanical-propertiesen
dc.subjectlocust flighten
dc.subjectinsect flighten
dc.subjectbutterfliesen
dc.subjectbiologyen
dc.subjectphysicsen
dc.subjectorgansen
dc.titleComplex hemolymph circulation patterns in grasshopper wingsen
dc.title.serialCommunications Biologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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