Design and Performance Analysis of Quadfoil: A Novel Aerofoil-Shaped Drone

Abstract

This project presents a comprehensive exploration of the Quadfoil drone, an innovative quadrotor design developed by the Uncrewed Systems Laboratory (USL) at Virginia Tech to address limitations of traditional quadcopters. Unlike conventional quadrotors, which rely solely on rotor-generated lift, the Quadfoil features a central lifting body, enhancing aerodynamic efficiency by reducing drag and generating additional lift during forward flight. This design results in an approximate 27% increase in efficiency at optimal forward flight speeds, enabling extended range and endurance while retaining essential VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) capabilities. The study begins with a literature review of UAV design evolution, detailing advancements from basic quadrotor models to contemporary hybrid UAVs and aerodynamic structures. Following this, the design and development process of the Quadfoil is discussed, including critical decisions on airfoil selection, materials, and structural innovations to optimize for low Reynolds number flight conditions. Key elements of the design include the use of carbon fiber composites for weight reduction and enhanced structural integrity, as well as the selection of the ARA-D 20% airfoil for its favorable lift-to-drag ratio. The Quadfoil’s innovative design also allows for significant internal space, facilitating the integration of advanced electronics and avionic systems. The research includes extensive experimental flight testing to assess the Quadfoil’s performance in terms of energy efficiency, power consumption, and flight dynamics. These tests demonstrated the Quadfoil’s ability to maintain lower power consumption in sustained forward flight compared to a conventional quadcopter, with a notable improvement in energy efficiency. Data gathered from the proof-of-concept prototype and scaled-up iterations is thoroughly analyzed, identifying areas for further optimization. The findings conclude with a discussion on the Quadfoil’s broader implications for UAV technology. The research highlights potential applications in fields such as surveillance, cargo transport, and critical medical payload delivery, showcasing the Quadfoil’s advantages in both range and endurance. The project aims to contribute to the advancement of UAV technology by providing a solid foundation for continued innovation and development.