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The giant 1960 tsunami in the context of a 6000-year record of paleotsunamis and coastal evolution in south-central Chile

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dc.contributor.authorMatos-Llavona, Pedro, Ien
dc.contributor.authorEly, Lisa L.en
dc.contributor.authorMacInnes, Breanynen
dc.contributor.authorDura, Tinaen
dc.contributor.authorCisternas, Marco A.en
dc.contributor.authorBourgeois, Joanneen
dc.contributor.authorBruce, Daviden
dc.contributor.authorDePaolis, Jessica M.en
dc.contributor.authorDolcimascolo, Alexanderen
dc.contributor.authorHorton, Benjamin P.en
dc.contributor.authorMelnick, Danielen
dc.contributor.authorNelson, Alan R.en
dc.contributor.authorSzeliga, Walteren
dc.contributor.authorWesson, Robert L.en
dc.coverage.countryChileen
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-29T13:21:03Zen
dc.date.available2022-04-29T13:21:03Zen
dc.date.issued2022-03-24en
dc.description.abstractThe tsunami associated with the giant 9.5 M-w 1960 Chile earthquake deposited an extensive sand layer above organic-rich soils near Queule (39.3 degrees S, 73.2 degrees W), south-central Chile. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, together with eye-witness observations and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the tsunami inundation sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. Stratigraphically below the 1960 deposit are two additional widespread sand layers interpreted as tsunami deposits with maximum ages of 4960-4520 and 5930-5740 cal BP. This >4500-year gap of tsunami deposits preserved in the stratigraphic record is inconsistent with written and geological records of large tsunamis in south-central Chile in 1575, 1837, and possibly 1737. We explain this discrepancy by: (1) poor preservation of tsunami deposits due to reduced accommodation space from relative sea-level fall during the late Holocene; (2) recently evolved coastal geomorphology that increased sediment availability for tsunami deposit formation in 1960; and/or (3) the possibility that the 1960 tsunami was significantly larger at this particular location than other tsunamis in the past >4500 years. Our research illustrates the complexities of reconstructing a complete stratigraphic record of past tsunamis from a single site for tsunami hazard assessment.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesPuget Sound Energy Graduate Fellowship at Central Washington University; Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; Chilean National Fund for Development of Science and Technology (FONDECYT), Grant/Award Numbers: 1190258, 1181479; Millennium Scientific Initiative (ICM) of the Chilean government, Grant/Award Number: NC160025; National Science Foundation (NSF), Grant/Award Numbers: EAR-1624533, EAR-1624542; ANID PIA Anillo, Grant/Award Number: ACT192169en
dc.description.sponsorshipPuget Sound Energy Graduate Fellowship at Central Washington University; Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; Chilean National Fund for Development of Science and Technology (FONDECYT)Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT)CONICYT FONDECYT [1190258, 1181479]; Millennium Scientific Initiative (ICM) of the Chilean government [NC160025]; National Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF)National Research Foundation of Korea [EAR-1624533, EAR-1624542]; ANID PIA Anillo [ACT192169]en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5363en
dc.identifier.eissn1096-9837en
dc.identifier.issn0197-9337en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/109770en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherWileyen
dc.rightsPublic Domain (U.S.)en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/en
dc.subjectChile 1960 earthquakeen
dc.subjectcoastal geomorphologyen
dc.subjectcoastal hazarden
dc.subjectearthquake geomorphologyen
dc.subjectpaleoseismologyen
dc.subjecttsunami depositsen
dc.titleThe giant 1960 tsunami in the context of a 6000-year record of paleotsunamis and coastal evolution in south-central Chileen
dc.title.serialEarth Surface Processes and Landformsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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