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Histological evaluations of organ tissues reveal sublethal effects in a freshwater mussel (Villosa iris) exposed to chloride and potassium concentrations below benchmark estimates

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dc.contributor.authorRogers, Jennifer J.en
dc.contributor.authorHenley, William F.en
dc.contributor.authorWeberg, Amanda G.en
dc.contributor.authorJones, Jess W.en
dc.contributor.authorCope, W. Gregoryen
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.coverage.stateVirginiaen
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-07T12:51:52Zen
dc.date.available2023-06-07T12:51:52Zen
dc.date.issued2023-05en
dc.description.abstractSalinization of freshwater ecosystems due to anthropogenic sources will increasingly impact biodiversity. An example of point-source industrial salinization has occurred from historical activities at a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site near Saltville, Virginia USA and its associated chemical waste ponds adjacent to the North Fork Holston River. These point source discharges are documented contributors to mussel declines, partially due to high concentrations of chloride (Cl-, <= 26,000 mg Cl-/L) and potassium (K+, <= 97 mg K+/L). During a chronic 61-day laboratory study, Rainbow mussels, Villosa iris, were exposed to concentrations of Cl-(0, 416, 831, and 1,663 mg/L) and K+ (0, 4, 8, and 17 mg/L) to determine effects on survival and organ tissues. All test mussels died by day-2 in the 1,663 mg Cl-/L exposure, and 50% of mussels died by day-13 in the 17 mg K+/L concentration. Significantly greater abundances of tissue abnormalities were observed in digestive glands and kidneys with exposures to the 4 and 8 mg/L concentrations of K+ versus the control, and significantly greater abundances of lesions in kidneys were observed in the 416 and 831 mg Cl-/L concentrations compared to the control. The sublethal effects to digestive glands and kidneys were below reported effect (EC50, 20, 10 and LOEC) concentrations. Significant histological differences between control and baseline (day-0 sample) mussels were observed, suggesting the need for further study on the effects of captivity during longer-term laboratory experiments.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesThis project was funded by the Virginia Field Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Gloucester, Virginia. Additional support was provided by the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center (FMCC), Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia. We thank Dr. Anthony Timpano at FMCC for his valuable review of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the USFWS.en
dc.description.sponsorshipVirginia Field Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Gloucester, Virginia; Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center (FMCC), Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginiaen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106476en
dc.identifier.eissn1879-1514en
dc.identifier.issn0166-445Xen
dc.identifier.pmid36931159en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/115365en
dc.identifier.volume258en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.rightsPublic Domain (U.S.)en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/en
dc.subjectFreshwater musselsen
dc.subjectHistologyen
dc.subjectSalinityen
dc.subjectNorth Fork Holston Riveren
dc.subjectPotassiumen
dc.subjectChlorideen
dc.titleHistological evaluations of organ tissues reveal sublethal effects in a freshwater mussel (Villosa iris) exposed to chloride and potassium concentrations below benchmark estimatesen
dc.title.serialAquatic Toxicologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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