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Mobility and infectiousness in the spatial spread of an emerging fungal pathogen

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dc.contributor.authorLangwig, Kate E.en
dc.contributor.authorWhite, J. Paulen
dc.contributor.authorParise, Katy L.en
dc.contributor.authorKaarakka, Heather M.en
dc.contributor.authorRedell, Jennifer A.en
dc.contributor.authorDePue, John E.en
dc.contributor.authorScullon, William H.en
dc.contributor.authorFoster, Jeffrey T.en
dc.contributor.authorKilpatrick, A. Marmen
dc.contributor.authorHoyt, Joseph R.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiological Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-03T14:43:44Zen
dc.date.available2021-08-03T14:43:44Zen
dc.date.issued2021-05en
dc.description.abstractEmerging infectious diseases can have devastating effects on host communities, causing population collapse and species extinctions. The timing of novel pathogen arrival into naive species communities can have consequential effects that shape the trajectory of epidemics through populations. Pathogen introductions are often presumed to occur when hosts are highly mobile. However, spread patterns can be influenced by a multitude of other factors including host body condition and infectiousness. White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a seasonal emerging infectious disease of bats, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Within-site transmission of P. destructans primarily occurs over winter; however, the influence of bat mobility and infectiousness on the seasonal timing of pathogen spread to new populations is unknown. We combined data on host population dynamics and pathogen transmission from 22 bat communities to investigate the timing of pathogen arrival and the consequences of varying pathogen arrival times on disease impacts. We found that midwinter arrival of the fungus predominated spread patterns, suggesting that bats were most likely to spread P. destructans when they are highly infectious, but have reduced mobility. In communities where P. destructans was detected in early winter, one species suffered higher fungal burdens and experienced more severe declines than at sites where the pathogen was detected later in the winter, suggesting that the timing of pathogen introduction had consequential effects for some bat communities. We also found evidence of source-sink population dynamics over winter, suggesting some movement among sites occurs during hibernation, even though bats at northern latitudes were thought to be fairly immobile during this period. Winter emergence behaviour symptomatic of white-nose syndrome may further exacerbate these winter bat movements to uninfected areas. Our results suggest that low infectiousness during host migration may have reduced the rate of expansion of this deadly pathogen, and that elevated infectiousness during winter plays a key role in seasonal transmission. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of both accurate estimation of the timing of pathogen spread and the consequences of varying arrival times to prevent and mitigate the effects of infectious diseases.en
dc.description.notesNational Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DEB-1115895, DEB-1336290 and DEB-1911853; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Grant/Award Number: F17AP00591en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1115895, DEB-1336290, DEB-1911853]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceUS Fish & Wildlife Service [F17AP00591]en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13439en
dc.identifier.eissn1365-2656en
dc.identifier.issn0021-8790en
dc.identifier.issue5en
dc.identifier.pmid33550607en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/104558en
dc.identifier.volume90en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectGeomyces destructansen
dc.subjectinfectious diseaseen
dc.subjectmigrationen
dc.subjectpathogen seasonalityen
dc.subjectPseudogymnoascus destructansen
dc.subjectwhite&#8208en
dc.subjectnose syndromeen
dc.titleMobility and infectiousness in the spatial spread of an emerging fungal pathogenen
dc.title.serialJournal of Animal Ecologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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