Status and Challenges of Level 3 Automated Driving Systems

Abstract

This report presents an assessment of the current state of SAE Level 3 (L3) Automated Driving Systems (ADS), highlighting key global regulatory developments, market deployments, and public attitudes, while critically examining the latest safety-relevant scientific evidence and its implications for system design, human interaction, and the continued evolution and deployment of these technologies. The report covers the global regulatory landscape, commercially available L3 systems, user trust and acceptance, human-machine interfaces, transition of control, driver situation awareness, and reasonably foreseeable driver misuse of L3 systems.