Dose rate effects in radiation-induced changes to phenyl-based polymeric scintillators

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dc.contributor.authorPapageorgakis, C.en
dc.contributor.authorAl-Sheikhly, M.en
dc.contributor.authorBelloni, A.en
dc.contributor.authorEdberg, T. K.en
dc.contributor.authorEno, S. C.en
dc.contributor.authorFeng, Yongbinen
dc.contributor.authorJeng, Geng-Yuanen
dc.contributor.authorKahn, Abrahamen
dc.contributor.authorLai, Yihuien
dc.contributor.authorMcDonnell, T.en
dc.contributor.authorMohammed, Ameeren
dc.contributor.authorPalmer, C.en
dc.contributor.authorPerez-Gokhale, Ruhien
dc.contributor.authorRicci-Tam, F.en
dc.contributor.authorYang, Zishuoen
dc.contributor.authorYao, Yaoen
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-26T12:58:47Zen
dc.date.available2023-04-26T12:58:47Zen
dc.date.issued2022-11en
dc.description.abstractResults on the effects of ionizing radiation on the signal produced by plastic scintillating rods manufactured by Eljen Technology company are presented for various matrix materials, dopant concentrations, fluors (EJ-200 and EJ-260), anti-oxidant concentrations, scintillator thickness, doses, and dose rates. The light output before and after irradiation is measured using an alpha source and a photomultiplier tube, and the light transmission by a spectrophotometer. Assuming an exponential decrease in the light output with dose, the change in light output is quantified using the exponential dose constant D. The D values are similar for primary and secondary doping concentrations of 1 and 2 times, and for antioxidant concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 times, the default manufacturer's concentration. The D value depends approximately linearly on the logarithm of the dose rate for dose rates between 2.2 Gy/h and 100 Gy/h for all materials. For EJ-200 polyvinyltoluene-based (PVT) scintillator, the dose constant is approximately linear in the logarithm of the dose rate up to 3900 Gy/h, while for polystyrene-based (PS) scintillator or for both materials with EJ-260 fluors, it remains constant or decreases (depending on doping concentration) above about 100 Gy/h. The results from rods of varying thickness and from the different fluors suggest damage to the initial light output is a larger effect than color center formation for scintillator thickness <= 1 cm. For the blue scintillator (EJ-200), the transmission measurements indicate damage to the fluors. We also find that while PVT is more resistant to radiation damage than PS at dose rates higher than about 100 Gy/h for EJ-200 fluors, they show similar damage at lower dose rates and for EJ-260 fluors.en
dc.description.notesThe authors would like to thank Chuck Hurlbut of Eljen Technology company for supplying many of the rods and for advice, and the staffs at Goddard Space Flight Center, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and at the Sandia National Laboratories Facilities group for assistance with the irradiations. We thank Professor Sally Seidel and her group at the University of New Mexico for extensive help with interfacing with Sandia. This work was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy Grant DESC0010072.en
dc.description.sponsorshipU.S. Department of Energy [DESC0010072]en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.167445en
dc.identifier.eissn1872-9576en
dc.identifier.other167445en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/114801en
dc.identifier.volume1042en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectOrganic scintillatoren
dc.subjectRadiation hardnessen
dc.subjectCalorimetryen
dc.titleDose rate effects in radiation-induced changes to phenyl-based polymeric scintillatorsen
dc.title.serialNuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipmenten
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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