The Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Is Genetically Monomorphic and under Strong Selection to Evade Tomato Immunity

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dc.contributor.authorCai, Rongmanen
dc.contributor.authorLewis, Jamesen
dc.contributor.authorYan, Shuangchunen
dc.contributor.authorClarke, Christopher R.en
dc.contributor.authorCampanile, Francescoen
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Nalvo F.en
dc.contributor.authorStudholme, David J.en
dc.contributor.authorLindeberg, Magdalenen
dc.contributor.authorSchneider, Daviden
dc.contributor.authorZaccardelli, Massimoen
dc.contributor.authorSetubal, João C.en
dc.contributor.authorMorales-Lizcano, Nadia P.en
dc.contributor.authorBernal, Adrianaen
dc.contributor.authorCoaker, Gittaen
dc.contributor.authorBaker, Christyen
dc.contributor.authorBender, Carol L.en
dc.contributor.authorLeman, Scotland C.en
dc.contributor.authorVinatzer, Boris A.en
dc.date.accessed2014-04-03en
dc.date.accessioned2014-04-09T15:07:20Zen
dc.date.available2014-04-09T15:07:20Zen
dc.date.issued2011-08-25en
dc.description.abstractRecently, genome sequencing of many isolates of genetically monomorphic bacterial human pathogens has given new insights into pathogen microevolution and phylogeography. Here, we report a genome-based micro-evolutionary study of a bacterial plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Only 267 mutations were identified between five sequenced isolates in 3,543,009 nt of analyzed genome sequence, which suggests a recent evolutionary origin of this pathogen. Further analysis with genome-derived markers of 89 world-wide isolates showed that several genotypes exist in North America and in Europe indicating frequent pathogen movement between these world regions. Genome-derived markers and molecular analyses of key pathogen loci important for virulence and motility both suggest ongoing adaptation to the tomato host. A mutational hotspot was found in the type III-secreted effector gene hopM1. These mutations abolish the cell death triggering activity of the full-length protein indicating strong selection for loss of function of this effector, which was previously considered a virulence factor. Two non-synonymous mutations in the flagellin-encoding gene fliC allowed identifying a new microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) in a region distinct from the known MAMP flg22. Interestingly, the ancestral allele of this MAMP induces a stronger tomato immune response than the derived alleles. The ancestral allele has largely disappeared from today’s Pto populations suggesting that flagellin-triggered immunity limits pathogen fitness even in highly virulent pathogens. An additional non-synonymous mutation was identified in flg22 in South American isolates. Therefore, MAMPs are more variable than expected differing even between otherwise almost identical isolates of the same pathogen strain.en
dc.description.sponsorshipResearch in the Vinatzer laboratory was funded by the NSF, www.nsf.gov, with award number IOS 0746501 and by SAIC (Charlottesville, VA). Research in the Coaker laboratory was funded by the USDA, www.usda.gov, with award number 2010-65108-20527. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationCai R, Lewis J, Yan S, Liu H, Clarke CR, et al. (2011) The Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Is Genetically Monomorphic and under Strongen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002130en
dc.identifier.issn1553-7374en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/47004en
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1002130en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPLOS Pathogensen
dc.rightsCreative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/en
dc.subjectBacterial genomicsen
dc.subjectGenome evolutionen
dc.subjectLeavesen
dc.subjectPhylogenetic analysisen
dc.titleThe Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Is Genetically Monomorphic and under Strong Selection to Evade Tomato Immunityen
dc.title.serialPLoS Pathogensen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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