PIRPOSAL Model: Phases of Design

Abstract

In education there are variations of models depicting the technological and engineering design process used by designers to guide them in developing solutions to any human need. Regardless of form however, all T/E Design Process models reflect iterative approaches, and allowing the designer to start at any phase of the process. The P.I.R.P.O.S.A.L. (Problem Identification, Ideation, Research, Potential Solutions, Optimization, Solution Evaluation, Alterations, Learned Outcomes) model above is different in that it depicts both a theoretical and pedagogical framework for an iterative Design Based Learning (DBL) teaching strategy reflective of designerly ways of thinking and knowing.