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Complete Dosage Compensation in Anopheles stephensi and the Evolution of Sex-Biased Genes in Mosquitoes

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dc.contributor.authorJiang, Xiaofangen
dc.contributor.authorBiedler, James K.en
dc.contributor.authorQi, Yuminen
dc.contributor.authorHall, Andrew Brantleyen
dc.contributor.authorTu, Zhijian Jakeen
dc.contributor.departmentBiochemistryen
dc.contributor.departmentFralin Life Sciences Instituteen
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-13T13:49:28Zen
dc.date.available2019-11-13T13:49:28Zen
dc.date.issued2015-06-09en
dc.description.abstractComplete dosage compensation refers to hyperexpression of the entire X or Z chromosome in organisms with heterogametic sex chromosomes (XYmale or ZW female) in order to compensate for having only one copy of the X or Z chromosome. Recent analyses suggest that complete dosage compensation, as in Drosophila melanogaster, may not be the norm. There has been no systematic study focusing on dosage compensation in mosquitoes. However, analysis of dosage compensation in Anopheles mosquitoes provides opportunities for evolutionary insights, as theXchromosome of Anopheles and that of its Dipteran relative,D. melanogaster formed independently from the same ancestral chromosome. Furthermore, Culicinae mosquitoes, including the Aedes genus, have homomorphic sex-determining chromosomes, negating the need for dosage compensation. Thus, Culicinae genes provide a rare phylogenetic context to investigate dosage compensation in Anopheles mosquitoes. Here, we performed RNA-seq analysis ofmale andfemale samplesof theAsian malariamosquitoAnopheles stephensiandtheyellow fevermosquitoAedes aegypti.Autosomaland X-linked genes in An. stephensi showed very similar levels of expression in both males and females, indicating complete dosage compensation. The uniformity of average expression levels of autosomal and X-linked genes remained when An. stephensi gene expression was normalized by that of their Ae. aegypti orthologs, strengthening the finding of complete dosage compensation in Anopheles. In addition,we comparatively analyzed the differentially expressed genes between adultmales and adult females in both species, investigated sex-biased gene chromosomal distribution patterns in An. stephensi and provided three examples where gene duplications may have enabled the acquisition of sex-specific expression during mosquito evolution.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is supported by the Fralin Life Science Institute and the Virginia Experimental Station, and by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants AI77680, AI105575, and AI113643.en
dc.format.extent11 pagesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv115en
dc.identifier.issue7en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/95530en
dc.identifier.volume7en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherOxford University Pressen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectcomparative transcriptomesen
dc.subjectRNA-seqen
dc.subjectsex-specific expressionen
dc.subjectgene duplicationen
dc.titleComplete Dosage Compensation in Anopheles stephensi and the Evolution of Sex-Biased Genes in Mosquitoesen
dc.title.serialGenome Biology and Evolutionen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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