First Simultaneous Lidar Observations of Thermosphere-Ionosphere Fe and Na (TIFe and TINa) Layers at McMurdo (77.84 degrees S, 166.67 degrees E), Antarctica With Concurrent Measurements of Aurora Activity, Enhanced Ionization Layers, and Converging Electric Field

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dc.contributor.authorChu, Xinzhaoen
dc.contributor.authorNishimura, Yukitoshien
dc.contributor.authorXu, Zhonghuaen
dc.contributor.authorYu, Zhibinen
dc.contributor.authorPlane, John M. C.en
dc.contributor.authorGardner, Chester S.en
dc.contributor.authorOgawa, Yasunobuen
dc.contributor.departmentElectrical and Computer Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-04T14:23:48Zen
dc.date.available2020-12-04T14:23:48Zen
dc.date.issued2020-10-28en
dc.description.abstractWe report the first simultaneous, common-volume lidar observations of thermosphere-ionosphere Fe (TIFe) and Na (TINa) layers in Antarctica. We also report the observational discovery of nearly one-to-one correspondence between TIFe and aurora activity, enhanced ionization layers, and converging electric fields. Distinctive TIFe layers have a peak density of similar to 384 cm(-3) and the TIFe mixing ratio peaks around 123 km, similar to 5 times the mesospheric layer maximum. All evidence shows that Fe+ ion-neutralization is the major formation mechanism of TIFe layers. The TINa mixing ratio often exhibits a broad peak at TIFe altitudes, providing evidence for in situ production via Na+ neutralization. However, the tenuous TINa layers persist long beyond TIFe disappearance and reveal gravity wave perturbations, suggesting a dynamic background of neutral Na, but not Fe, above 110 km. The striking differences between distinct TIFe and diffuse TINa suggest differential transport between Fe and Na, possibly due to mass separation.en
dc.description.notesWe acknowledge Dongming Chang for lidar data collection during Antarctic winter 2018. We appreciate the staff of United States Antarctic Program, McMurdo Station, Antarctica New Zealand, and Scott Base for their superb support. The McMurdo lidar projects were supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants OPP-1246405 and OPP-1443726. The aurora imager is supported by NSF ANT-1643700 (PI: Dr. Gerrard) and Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition program (PI: Dr. Ebihara), and the data were obtained from AQVN made by NIPR/PEDSC: . We are grateful to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Space Weather Services for providing Scott Base ionosonde data. The work of YN was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 80NSSC18K0657, NSF AGS-1907698, and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FA9559-16-1-0364. JMCP was supported by European Research Council (project 291332-CODITA).en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [OPP-1246405, OPP-1443726]; NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [ANT-1643700, AGS-1907698]; Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [80NSSC18K0657]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)United States Department of DefenseAir Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9559-16-1-0364]; European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC) [291332-CODITA]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090181en
dc.identifier.eissn1944-8007en
dc.identifier.issn0094-8276en
dc.identifier.issue20en
dc.identifier.othere2020GL090181en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/101009en
dc.identifier.volume47en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleFirst Simultaneous Lidar Observations of Thermosphere-Ionosphere Fe and Na (TIFe and TINa) Layers at McMurdo (77.84 degrees S, 166.67 degrees E), Antarctica With Concurrent Measurements of Aurora Activity, Enhanced Ionization Layers, and Converging Electric Fielden
dc.title.serialGeophysical Research Lettersen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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