Characteristics and Sources of Intense Geoelectric Fields in the United States: Comparative Analysis of Multiple Geomagnetic Storms

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dc.contributor.authorShi, Xuelingen
dc.contributor.authorHartinger, Michael D.en
dc.contributor.authorBaker, Joseph B. H.en
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, Benjamin S.en
dc.contributor.authorBedrosian, Paul A.en
dc.contributor.authorKelbert, Annaen
dc.contributor.authorRigler, Erin Joshuaen
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-20T18:04:59Zen
dc.date.available2022-09-20T18:04:59Zen
dc.date.issued2022-04en
dc.description.abstractIntense geoelectric fields during geomagnetic storms drive geomagnetically induced currents in power grids and other infrastructure, yet there are limited direct measurements of these storm-time geoelectric fields. Moreover, most previous studies examining storm-time geoelectric fields focused on single events or small geographic regions, making it difficult to determine the typical source(s) of intense geoelectric fields. We perform the first comparative analysis of (a) the sources of intense geoelectric fields over multiple geomagnetic storms, (b) using 1-s cadence geoelectric field measurements made at (c) magnetotelluric survey sites distributed widely across the United States. Temporally localized intense perturbations in measured geoelectric fields with prominences (a measure of the relative amplitude of geoelectric field enhancement above the surrounding signal) of at least 500 mV/km were detected during geomagnetic storms with Dst minima (Dst(min)) of less than -100 nT from 2006 to 2019. Most of the intense geoelectric fields were observed in resistive regions with magnetic latitudes greater than 55 degrees even though we have 167 sites located at lower latitudes during geomagnetic storms of -200 nT <= Dst(min) < -100 nT. Our study indicates intense short-lived (<1 min) and geoelectric field perturbations with periods on the order of 1-2 min are common. Most of these perturbations cannot be resolved with 1-min data because they correspond to higher frequency or impulsive phenomena that vary on timescales shorter than that sampling interval. The sources of geomagnetic perturbations inducing these intense geoelectric fields include interplanetary shocks, interplanetary magnetic field turnings, substorms, and ultralow frequency waves.en
dc.description.notesNASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship through the U.S. Geological Survey; IRIS Subaward 478 and 489 under NSF; IRIS Subaward 75 MT under NSF; IRIS Subaward 05OSUSAGE under NSF; Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience (SAGE) Award of the National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))en
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA [80NSSC19K0907]; NSF [AGS-2027168]; Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship through the U.S. Geological Survey; IRIS Subaward 478 and 489 under NSF [EAR0323311, EAR0350030, EAR0323309]; IRIS Subaward 75 MT under NSF [EAR0733069, CFDA 47.050]; IRIS Subaward 05OSUSAGE under NSF [CFDA 47.050, EAR1261681]; Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience (SAGE) Award of the National Science Foundation [EAR-1851048]; National Science Foundationen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002967en
dc.identifier.eissn1542-7390en
dc.identifier.issue4en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/111937en
dc.identifier.volume20en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherAmerican Geophysical Unionen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectgeoelectric fielden
dc.subjectgeomagnetically induced currentsen
dc.subjectgeomagnetic stormsen
dc.subjectULF wavesen
dc.titleCharacteristics and Sources of Intense Geoelectric Fields in the United States: Comparative Analysis of Multiple Geomagnetic Stormsen
dc.title.serialSpace Weather-The International Journal of Research and Applicationsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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