The Skin Microbiome of the Neotropical Frog Craugastor fitzingeri: Inferring Potential Bacterial-Host-Pathogen Interactions From Metagenomic Data

dc.contributor.authorRebollar, Eria A.en
dc.contributor.authorGutierrez-Preciado, Anaen
dc.contributor.authorNoecker, Ceciliaen
dc.contributor.authorEng, Alexanderen
dc.contributor.authorHughey, Myra C.en
dc.contributor.authorMedina, Danielen
dc.contributor.authorWalke, Jenifer B.en
dc.contributor.authorBorenstein, Elhananen
dc.contributor.authorJensen, Roderick V.en
dc.contributor.authorBelden, Lisa K.en
dc.contributor.authorHarris, Reid N.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiological Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2019-03-14T14:19:49Zen
dc.date.available2019-03-14T14:19:49Zen
dc.date.issued2018-03-20en
dc.description.abstractSkin symbiotic bacteria on amphibians can play a role in protecting their host against pathogens. Chytridiomycosis, the disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd, has caused dramatic population declines and extinctions of amphibians worldwide. Anti-Bd bacteria from amphibian skin have been cultured, and skin bacterial communities have been described through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Here, we present a shotgun metagenomic analysis of skin bacterial communities from a Neotropical frog, Craugastor fitzingeri. We sequenced the metagenome of six frogs from two different sites in Panama: three frogs from Soberania (Sob), a Bd-endemic site, and three frogs from Serrania del Sapo (Sapo), a Bd-naive site. We described the taxonomic composition of skin microbiomes and found that Pseudomonas was a major component of these communities. We also identified that Sob communities were enriched in Actinobacteria while Sapo communities were enriched in Gammaproteobacteria. We described gene abundances within the main functional classes and found genes enriched either in Sapo or Sob. We then focused our study on five functional classes of genes: biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, membrane transport, cellular communication and antimicrobial drug resistance. These gene classes are potentially involved in bacterial communication, bacterial-host and bacterial-pathogen interactions among other functions. We found that C. fitzingeri metagenomes have a wide array of genes that code for secondary metabolites, including antibiotics and bacterial toxins, which may be involved in bacterial communication, but could also have a defensive role against pathogens. Several genes involved in bacterial communication and bacterial-host interactions, such as biofilm formation and bacterial secretion systems were found. We identified specific genes and pathways enriched at the different sites and determined that gene co-occurrence networks differed between sites. Our results suggest that skin microbiomes are composed of distinct bacterial taxa with a wide range of metabolic capabilities involved in bacterial defense and communication. Differences in taxonomic composition and pathway enrichments suggest that skin microbiomes from different sites have unique functional properties. This study strongly supports the need for shotgun metagenomic analyses to describe the functional capacities of skin microbiomes and to tease apart their role in host defense against pathogens.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00466en
dc.identifier.issn1664-302Xen
dc.identifier.other466en
dc.identifier.pmid29615997en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/88440en
dc.identifier.volume9en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherFrontiersen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleThe Skin Microbiome of the Neotropical Frog Craugastor fitzingeri: Inferring Potential Bacterial-Host-Pathogen Interactions From Metagenomic Dataen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Microbiologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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