Global Issues Initiative (GII)

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https://hdl.handle.net/10919/91379
The Global Issues Initiative (GII), centered in the greater Washington D.C. metropolitan area, is a component of ISCE that addresses international policy questions facing United States at the bilateral, regional and multilateral levels.

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Browsing Global Issues Initiative (GII) by Author "Peterson, Everett B."

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    The Challenge Of Increasing Global Trade: How To Address Linkages And Barriers
    Orden, David R.; Peterson, Everett B. (Virginia Tech, 2008-02-22)
    Two specific cases of trade regulation are examined in this presentation. In the case of avocados from Mexico, the U.S. market has been opened following more than a decade of related rule making. Substantial imports now occur. In a second case, China has expressed interest in exporting fresh apples to the United States. There is not a related regulatory process underway, but China received approval to export fresh apples to Canada in 2004.
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    A Modeling Framework for Evaluating Economic Impacts of APHIS Import Regulations
    Orden, David R.; Peterson, Everett B.; Cororaton, Caesar (Virginia Tech, 2012-09-27)
    This presentation covers economics in regulatory decision making, a model framework, and a case study of the American beef market.
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    Potential Fresh Apple Imports from China: A Preliminary Case Study
    Orden, David R.; Peterson, Everett B. (Virginia Tech, 2010-02-26)
    This presentation considers the benefits of and possible obstacles to fresh apple imports from China.
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    A Review of Literature on the Economics of Invasive Species
    Cororaton, Caesar B.; Orden, David R.; Peterson, Everett B. (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2009-09)
    There is increased demand within the regulatory processes of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for a higher level of analysis that integrates pest risks with economic considerations. This paper reviews the literature of methodological developments and empirical analyses over the past decade that potentially enhance such studies. Policy-oriented economic benefit-cost analysis that integrates risk assessment and related mitigation and control costs has to incorporate three components into an inter-disciplinary framework. The first component is based purely on risk science, such as probabilities of pest risk of infestations or transmission, or procedures for control of pest outbreaks. The second component inherently involves a mixture of pest risk science and economic considerations, such as an assessment of the effectiveness of specific mitigation or pest control measures and their likely economic cost. The third component is based purely on economics in that it involves the construction of the economic model in which the specific and net effects of alternative policy decisions are evaluated, taking information from the first two components into account.
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    Technical Barriers Affecting Agricultural Exports from China: The Case of Fresh Apples
    Orden, David R.; Gao, Lili; Xue, Xiang; Peterson, Everett B.; Thornsbury, Suzanne (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2007-12)
    This report addresses technical barriers that limit the agricultural trade of China in the case of phytosanitary barriers to fresh apple exports. Apple production in China has increased substantially in recent years and now accounts for nearly half of the total global output. Correspondingly, in many of its discussions with trade partners about agricultural technical barriers, China has highlighted apples and pears as products for which it has sought market access. China‘s apple exports have skyrocketed as markets have been opened. In the 2004/05, China exported 850,000 metric tons of fresh apples, a nearly five-time increase in the export volume over five years. A large proportion of the increase in Chinese apple exports have gone to the Pacific Rim markets, such as Hong Kong and the Philippines.
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    Using the Trans-log Expenditure Function to Endogenize New Market Access in Partial Equilibrium Models
    Peterson, Everett B. (Virginia Tech. Global Issues Initiative, 2011-08)
    While Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) utility functions are a common choice in empirical partial and general equilibrium models because they are parsimonious in the number of model parameters, they are not well suited for cases where the consumption of a given could equal zero. This is because the uncompensated demand functions derived from a CES utility function will equal zero only if the price of that good is equal to infinity or the shift parameter in the utility function for that good is equal to zero (e.g., consumers do not wish to consume that good). In order to allow for the possibility of zero consumption, a preference structure must allow for the underlying “demand curve” to intersect the price axis. This will be important when assessing the effect of new market access for a particular good. In that case, initial consumption is equal to zero because of the existing policy. After a change in policy, the good may or may not be sold in a particular region or season if its price is less than the consumers’ reservation price for that good. The purpose of this draft is to develop a preference structure that allows for zero consumption and how it could be implemented to assess the impact of new market access.