Browsing by Author "Chen, Daniel"

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    Demographics, perceptions, and socioeconomic factors affecting influenza vaccination among adults in the United States
    Abbas, Kaja M.; Kang, Gloria J.; Chen, Daniel; Werre, Stephen R.; Marathe, Achla (PeerJ, 2018-07-13)
    Objective. The study objective is to analyze influenza vaccination status by demographic factors, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance status, and barriers to influenza vaccination among adults 18 years and older in the United States. Background. Influenza vaccination coverage among adults 18 years and older was 41% during 2010 2011 and has increased and plateaued at 43% during 2016 2017. This is below the target of 70% influenza vaccination coverage among adults, which is an objective of the Healthy People 2020 initiative. Methods. We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of adults 18 years and older in the United States on factors affecting influenza vaccination. We conducted bivariate analysis using Rao-Scott chi-square test and multivariate analysis using weighted multinomial logistic regression of this survey data to determine the effect of demographics, perceived vaccine efficacy, social influence, herd immunity, vaccine cost, health insurance, and barriers associated with influenza vaccination uptake among adults in the United States. Results. Influenza vaccination rates are relatively high among adults in older age groups (73.3% among 75Cyear old), adults with education levels of bachelor's degree or higher (45.1%), non-Hispanic Whites (41.8%), adults with higher incomes (52.8% among adults with income of over $150,000), partnered adults (43.2%), non-working adults (46.2%), and adults with internet access (39.9%). Influenza vaccine is taken every year by 76% of adults who perceive that the vaccine is very effective, 64.2% of adults who are socially influenced by others, and 41.8% of adults with health insurance, while 72.3% of adults without health insurance never get vaccinated. Facilitators for adults getting vaccinated every year in comparison to only some years include older age, perception of high vaccine effectiveness, higher income and no out-of-pocket payments. Barriers for adults never getting vaccinated in comparison to only some years include lack of health insurance, disliking of shots, perception of low vaccine effectiveness, low perception of risk for influenza infection, and perception of risky side effects. Conclusion. Influenza vaccination rates among adults in the United States can be improved towards the Healthy People 2020 target of 70% by increasing awareness of the safety, efficacy and need for influenza vaccination, leveraging the practices and principles of commercial and social marketing to improve vaccine trust, confidence and acceptance, and lowering out-of-pocket expenses and covering influenza vaccination costs through health insurance.
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    Open Research/Open Data Forum: Transparency, Sharing, and Reproducibility in Scholarship
    Potter, Peter J.; Chen, Daniel; DePauw, Karen P.; Morton, Sally C.; Petters, Jonathan L.; Radcliffe, David H.; Sands, Laura P. (Virginia Tech. University Libraries, 2017-04-10)
    Join our panelists for a discussion on challenges and opportunities related to sharing and using open data in research, including meeting funder and journal guidelines: Daniel Chen (Ph.D. candidate in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology) Karen DePauw (Vice President and Dean for Graduate Education) Sally Morton (Dean, College of Science) Jon Petters (Data Management Consultant, University Libraries) David Radcliffe (English) Laura Sands (Center for Gerontology)
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    A Pedagogical Approach to Create and Assess Domain-Specific Data Science Learning Materials in the Biomedical Sciences
    Chen, Daniel (Virginia Tech, 2022-02-01)
    This dissertation explores creating a set of domain-specific learning materials for the biomedical sciences to meet the educational gap in biomedical informatics, while also meeting the call for statisticians advocating for process improvements in other disciplines. Data science educational materials are plenty enough to become a commodity. This provides the opportunity to create domain-specific learning materials to better motivate learning using real-world examples while also capturing intricacies of working with data in a specific domain. This dissertation shows how the use of persona methodologies can be combined with a backwards design approach of creating domain-specific learning materials. The work is divided into three (3) major steps: (1) create and validate a learner self-assessment survey that can identify learner personas by clustering. (2) combine the information from persona methodology with a backwards design approach using formative and summative assessments to curate, plan, and assess domain-specific data science workshop materials for short term and long term efficacy. (3) pilot and identify at how to manage real-time feedback within a data coding teaching session to drive better learner motivation and engagement. The key findings from this dissertation suggests using a structured framework to plan and curate learning materials is an effective way to identify key concepts in data science. However, just creating and teaching learning materials is not enough for long-term retention of knowledge. More effort for long-term lesson maintenance and long-term strategies for practice will help retain the concepts learned from live instruction. Finally, it is essential that we are careful and purposeful in our content creation as to not overwhelm learners and to integrate their needs into the materials as a primary focus. Overall, this contributes to the growing need for data science education in the biomedical sciences to train future clinicians use and work with data and improve patient outcomes.