Browsing by Author "Cusicanqui, Jorge"
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- Adapting to climate change in Andean ecosystems: Landscapes, capitals, and perceptions shaping rural livelihood strategies and linking knowledge systemsValdivia, Corinne; Seth, Anji; Gilles, Jere L.; García, Magali; Jiménez, Elizabeth; Yucra, E.; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Navia, F. (Taylor & Francis, LLC., 2010)In the Bolivian Altiplano, indigenous systems for dealing with weather and climate risk are failing or being lost as a result of migration, climate change, and market integration. Andean rural communities are particularly vulnerable to changing social and environmental conditions. Changing climate over the past forty years and current forecast models point to increasing temperatures and later onset of rains during the growing season. Current meteorological models are coarse grained and not well suited to the complex topology of the Andes -- so local-scale information is required for decisions. This article outlines a process for developing new local knowledge that can be used to enhance adaptive processes. (Excerpt from abstract)
- Caracterización de suelos según su Índice de fertilidad y capacidad de uso en El Municipio de AncoraimesMamani, B.; Miranda, R.; Montavalli, P.; Cusicanqui, Jorge (2007)El presente trabajo de investigación se viene desarrollando en el Municipio de Ancoraimes, correspondiente al Altiplano Norte de la Provincia Omasuyos del Departamento de La Paz. Los objetivos son: caracterizar los suelos de tres comunidades del municipio de Ancoraimes - Chinchaya, Cohani y Chojñapata; y determinar la fertilidad y uso actual de la tierra. Para el presente estudio se elaboró mapas en base a imágenes satelitales, donde se realizo un análisis del paisaje y subpaisaje los que fueron corroborados con trabajos de campo; los parámetros que se tomaron en cuenta fueron la pendiente, cobertura vegetal, uso actual del suelo, análisis del clima e influencia del mercado en el uso de la tierra. Se realizó la obtención de muestras de suelo para determinar el nivel de la fertilidad cada unidad identificada. Las muestras de suelo se obtuvieron de acuerdo a protocolos de muestreo que, en la siguiente fase serán analizadas en laboratorio. De acuerdo a los resultados se ha identificado que las comunidades se encuentran ubicadas dentro de la Provincia Fisiográfica: Altiplano, Gran Paisaje: Montaña, presentando 12 unidades a nivel de paisaje en los que figuran los valles bajos, valles altos, pie de montes, ladera, depresiones y zonas montañosas. El uso de la tierra en estas unidades está determina por las condiciones climáticas y mercado. Los primeros resultados mostraron que en las comunidades de altura como Koani y Chojñapata la actividad primordial de los comunarios es la ganadería de camélidos y ovinos, siendo la agricultura una actividad secundaría, mientras que en las comunidades bajas como Chinchaya, donde influye la cercanía a los mercados de ciudad de La Paz, la principal actividad es agrícola basada en la producción de cultivos de cebolla, haba y papa.
- Changes in soil organic C and N due to climate change and socioeconomic factors in potato-based cropping systems in the Bolivian HighlandsMotavalli, Peter P.; Aguilera, Javier; Valdivia, Corinne; García, Magali; Jiménez, Elizabeth; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Miranda, R. (Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, 2007)Global climate change and changes in migration and market conditions in the Bolivian Highlands (Altiplano) have reduced the use of traditional cropping practices and increased the risk of crop failure and food insecurity. The objectives of this research were to survey indigenous farming communities in the northern Altiplano of Bolivia to determine the actual and perceived changes in cropping practices in potato-based cropping systems and to assess the effects of these changes on soil total organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) levels and the availability and composition of soil amendments. Village-level surveys were conducted using questionnaires and participatory techniques in 2006-2007 in four communities that were selected to represent communities situated at relatively low and high altitudes in the region. Samples of soil amendments, primarily animal manures, were obtained from each community to determine the range of composition of the materials. In addition, soil samples were collected to a 20 cm depth from agricultural fields that represented different stages of the common agricultural rotation practiced in the region and that had different lengths of fallow periods. A hypothesis of this research is that climate change and socioeconomic factors have caused lower soil total organic C and total N levels due to increased intensity of land use and the amount and type of tillage, and a decrease in the length of the fallow period that was traditionally used to restore soil fertility. The results of the analysis of the soil amendments and soils will be compared to community perceptions of changes in soil quality and management and any differences among the communities will be discussed. The findings of this research will assist in determining if appropriate management practices need to be identified to improve soil organic matter in order to possibly mitigate negative effects of climate change in the area.
- Differences in cropping systems and soil organic carbon due to climate change and socioeconomic factors in potato-based cropping systems in the Bolivian HighlandsMotavalli, Peter P.; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Aguilera, Javier; Valdivia, Corinne; García, Magali; Jiménez, Elizabeth; Miranda, R. (2008)This presentation presents results of differences in cropping systems and soil organic carbon in the Bolivian Highlands, due to climate change and socioeconomic factors in potato-based cropping systems.
- Differences in cropping systems and soil organic carbon due to climate change and socioeconomic factors in potato-based cropping systems in the Bolivian highlandsMotavalli, Peter P.; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Aguilera, Javier; Valdivia, Corinne; García, Magali; Jiménez, Elizabeth; Miranda, R. (2008)This presentation discusses research performed in Bolivia on climate change in regard to soil degradation. Through interdisciplinary methods in soil science and social science, the researchers attempted to determine why and how much livelihoods have changed in the Bolivian highlands. Specifically, the researchers were interested in the climate and human interface and how this has been affected by reduced rainfall and climate change.
- Do bacterial and fungal communities in soils of the Bolivian Altiplano change under shorter fallow periods?Gomez-Montano, L.; Jumpponen, A.; Gonzales, Miguel Angel; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Valdivia, Corinne; Motavalli, Peter P.; Herman, M.; Garrett, Karen A. (2013)Leaving fields fallow can improve soil fertility, but there is limited information on the effect of fallowing on soil microbiology. This article presents a study of soil fungal and bacterial properties in fallowed land in the Umala and Ancoriames municipalities of the Bolivian altiplano. The study tested the influence of fallowing, and of the presence of the native plant Thola, on fungal and bacterial populations. In Ancroaimes, fungal diversity increased with fallowing, while in Umala fungal diversity decreased with fallowing. Conversely, bacterial diversity with fallowing decreased in Ancoraimes and increased in Umala. The presence of Thola did not alter the level of diversity, but did result in higher populations of certain genera. Although these results demonstrate a variety of responses to fallowing, they establish its significance on bacterial and fungal populations
- Presentación institucional - Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias UMSACusicanqui, Jorge (2006)A presentation of the Institute for Farming Research UMSA's research activities and programs.
- Pyrosequencing to determine the influence of fallow period on soil microbial communities in the Bolivian HighlandsGomez, L.; Jumpponen, A.; Gonzales, Miguel Angel; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Valdivia, Corinne; Motavalli, Peter P.; Herman, M.; Garrett, Karen A. (2010)This poster addresses the shortened fallow periods in the Bolivian highlands, which result from the desire to increase short-term crop yields. Researchers conducted a study using 454-pyrosequencing techniques to characterize the response of the microbial community to the length of fallow period and the presence of plants, and the effect this response has on soil quality. The results of this study imply that the increase in fallow years was related to an increase in dominance in both fungal and bacterial communities.
- Sistematización de Trabajos de Investigación sobre Agro diversidad en el Altiplano BoliviaAguilar, D.; Garrett, Karen A.; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Peñaranda, M. (La Paz, Bolivia: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 2007)We have synthesized available information about agrobiodiversity in the Bolivian altiplano.