Browsing by Author "Jumpponen, A."
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- Do bacterial and fungal communities in soils of the Bolivian Altiplano change under shorter fallow periods?Gomez-Montano, L.; Jumpponen, A.; Gonzales, Miguel Angel; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Valdivia, Corinne; Motavalli, Peter P.; Herman, M.; Garrett, Karen A. (2013)Leaving fields fallow can improve soil fertility, but there is limited information on the effect of fallowing on soil microbiology. This article presents a study of soil fungal and bacterial properties in fallowed land in the Umala and Ancoriames municipalities of the Bolivian altiplano. The study tested the influence of fallowing, and of the presence of the native plant Thola, on fungal and bacterial populations. In Ancroaimes, fungal diversity increased with fallowing, while in Umala fungal diversity decreased with fallowing. Conversely, bacterial diversity with fallowing decreased in Ancoraimes and increased in Umala. The presence of Thola did not alter the level of diversity, but did result in higher populations of certain genera. Although these results demonstrate a variety of responses to fallowing, they establish its significance on bacterial and fungal populations
- Emerging plant diseases: What are our best strategies for management?Garrett, Karen A.; Jumpponen, A.; Gomez-Montano, L. (New Rochelle, New York: Liebert Publishers, 2010)As food prices increase, new attention is focused on food security and the factors that affect crop productivity and availability. The interaction between the crop (host), pathogens, and the environment determines the occurrence and impact of plant diseases on crop health. There are many management strategies that aim to reduce the risk of disease emergence, but these are often controversial and difficult to implement. These strategies include biological controls, improved inspections at international borders, and increased subsidies for different plant species to support heterogeneity. Management strategies are available for existing plant diseases, but this article argues that more research is needed to fully understand the cause, effect, and control of plant diseases.
- Pyrosequencing to determine the influence of fallow period on soil microbial communities in the Bolivian HighlandsGomez, L.; Jumpponen, A.; Herman, M.; Garrett, Karen A. (2009)Using pyrosequencing methods, we are characterizing the responses of microbial communities in these systems to fallow period and the presence of Thola. In the first phase of the project, we have analyzed soil fungal diversity, as reported here. In the next phases of the project we will analyze both fungal and bacterial community composition in more detail in the Bolivian altiplano and in Zambian agricultural systems, synthesizing microbial community data with socioeconomic and soil physico-chemical data.
- Pyrosequencing to determine the influence of fallow period on soil microbial communities in the Bolivian HighlandsGomez, L.; Jumpponen, A.; Gonzales, Miguel Angel; Cusicanqui, Jorge; Valdivia, Corinne; Motavalli, Peter P.; Herman, M.; Garrett, Karen A. (2010)This poster addresses the shortened fallow periods in the Bolivian highlands, which result from the desire to increase short-term crop yields. Researchers conducted a study using 454-pyrosequencing techniques to characterize the response of the microbial community to the length of fallow period and the presence of plants, and the effect this response has on soil quality. The results of this study imply that the increase in fallow years was related to an increase in dominance in both fungal and bacterial communities.
- Soil Metagenomics to identify indicators of soil degradation in the Bolivian HighlandsGomez, L.; Jumpponen, A.; Herman, M.; Garrett, Karen A. (2008)The Bolivian Highlands (approximately 4000 masl) are experiencing changes in agricultural practices due in part to climate change and economic pressures. Traditional fallow periods are being shortened in an effort to increase yield, but this may be at the expense of soil quality. We will study soil microbial metagenomics using pyrosequencing methods, which allow us to place hundreds of thousands of individual microbes in taxonomic categories. Our goal is to identify microbes that may serve as indicators for the process of soil degradation and to understand the response of soil microbial communities to changing land management practices.