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Browsing by Author "Li, Xiaoying"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Combining Agronomic and Pest Studies to Identify Vegetable Soybean Genotypes Suitable for Commercial Edamame Production in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.
    Lord, Nick; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Rideout, Steven L.; Sutton, Kemper L.; Alford, Adam M.; Li, Xiaoying; Wu, Xingbo; Reiter, Mark S.; Doughty, Hélène; Zhang, Bo (Scientific Research Publishing, 2021)
    Currently, domestic production of vegetable soybean (aka “edamame”) lags well behind consumer demand, with approximately 70% of U.S.-consumed edamame imported each year. A major barrier for growth of the U.S. edamame industry is an overall lack of varieties with adequate consumer acceptability and adaption to the U.S. climate and environment. In this study, we evaluated eleven vegetable soybean genotypes (including one commercial check) for differences in yield, pod size, and resistance to local insect, bacterial, and fungal pressures in order to identify genotypes with the greatest potential for use in commercial edamame production. Although there were variations in average pod length (42.1 - 53.6 mm), width (10.9 - 12.7 mm), and thickness (6.29 - 7.34 mm) among the genotypes, only pod length showed statistical significance. In addition, genotype significantly affected fresh pod yield. The prevalence of specific insect pests varied by location and year and included soybean aphid, potato leafhopper, Mexican bean beetle, as well as a complex of stink bugs and lepidopteran larvae. For each of these insect pests, significant differences were observed. Some plant diseases observed on the edamame genotypes included: downy mildew, bacterial pustule, Fusarium pod rot, Cercospora blight and purple seed stain, and damping off. In 2018, in Whitethorne, VA, soybean downy mildew was quite prevalent and disease symptoms varied considerably. Overall, genotypes V16-0524 and R15-10280 showed particularly favorable yield, and resilience to native pests compared to the commercial check, UA-Kirksey. The genotypes V16-0524 and R15-10280 showed strong potential to increase the availability of varieties that can be used for commercial edamame production in the Mid-Atlantic region.
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    Evaluating Genotypes and Seed Treatments to Increase Field Emergence of Low Phytic Acid Soybeans
    Averitt, Benjamin J.; Welbaum, Gregory E.; Li, Xiaoying; Prenger, Elizabeth; Qin, Jun; Zhang, Bo (MDPI, 2020-10-30)
    Low phytic acid (LPA) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] genotypes reduce indigestible PA in soybean seeds in order to improve feeding efficiency of mono- and agastric animals, but often exhibit low field emergence, resulting in reduced yield. In this study, four LPA soybean varieties with two different genetic backgrounds were studied to assess their emergence and yield characters under 12 seed treatment combinations including two broad-spectrum, preplant fungicides (i.e., ApronMaxx (mefenoxam: (R,S)-2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-methoxyacetylamino]-propionic acid methyl ester; fludioxonil: 4-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile) and Rancona Summit (ipconazole: 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-5-(1-methylethyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) cyclopentanol; metalaxyl: N-(methooxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate)), osmotic priming, and MicroCel-E coating. Two normal-PA (NPA) varieties served as controls. Both irrigated and non-irrigated plots were planted in Blacksburg and Orange, Virginia, USA in 2014 and 2015. Results revealed that three seed treatments (fungicides Rancona Summit and ApronMaxx, as well as Priming + Rancona) significantly improved field emergence by 6.4–11.6% across all genotypes, compared with untreated seeds. Seed priming was negatively associated with emergence across LPA genotypes. Seed treatments did not increase the yield of any genotype. LPA genotypes containing mips or lpa1/lpa2 mutations, produced satisfactory emergence similar to NPA under certain soil and environmental conditions due to the interaction of genotype and environment. Effective seed treatments applied to LPA soybeans along with the successful development of LPA germplasm by soybean breeding programs, will increase use of LPA varieties by commercial soybean growers, ultimately improving animal nutrition while easing environmental impact.
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    Improving Vegetable Soybean Production Through Investigating the Impact of Genotype and Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence
    Li, Xiaoying (Virginia Tech, 2023-12-19)
    Vegetable soybean, also known as edamame, has become increasingly popular in the United States due to its excellent nutrition and health benefits. This rising demand has sparked the interest of local farmers in growing edamame. However, a significant problem in edamame production is the poor seedling emergence. This dissertation focuses on three key objectives: 1) exploring the physiological traits linked to the low emergence of edamame seeds; 2) enhancing edamame seedling emergence by identifying genotypes with high vigor and resistance to soil-borne diseases; and 3) determining the optimal temperature for edamame seedling emergence. The study includes newly developed edamame breeding lines from the soybean breeding programs at Virginia Tech and the University of Arkansas, and major edamame cultivars commonly used in the Mid-Atlantic region. The results have identified several genotypes that exhibit high seeding vigor, aging tolerance, and consistently achieve a plant stand of over 80% in both laboratory and field conditions. It is also clarified that edamame's larger seed size leads to lower germination rates and slower emergence, although this is not correlated to total emergence. Moreover, environmental factors, pathogens and temperature, impact emergence. The study highlights that current edamame genotypes are commonly affected by soilborne pathogens, including Rhizoctonia solani, Athelia rolfsii, and Pythium irregulare, leading to seed rot and seedling damping off. However, the research has successfully identified partially resistant varieties characterized by significantly low disease indexes (p<0.05). Furthermore, the optimal temperature range for edamame seedling emergence (25-32°C) was found to be lower than that of other types of soybeans such as grain-type soybeans (29-36°C). This research provides a scientific foundation to improve edamame production practices.
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    Response of the Edamame Germplasm to Early-Season Diseases in the United States
    Li, Xiaoying; Zaia, Rafael; Liu, Kathryn; Xu, Xueming; Silva, Marcos Da; Rojas, Alejandro; Welbaum, Gregory E.; Zhang, Bo; Rideout, Steven (MDPI, 2024-07-29)
    Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a specialty soybean newly grown in the United States that has become the second most widely consumed soy food (25,000–30,000 tons annually). Poor crop establishment caused by soilborne diseases is a major problem limiting edamame production in the U.S. This study investigated 24 edamame cultivars/lines to determine their response to three soilborne pathogens causing seed rot and seedling damping off, including Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pythium irregulare, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, a seedborne pathogen that caused severe outbreaks of bacterial leaf pustules in mid-Atlantic regions in 2021. The hypothesis was that resistant variations existed among the genotypes, which could be used for production and future breeding efforts. The results reveal that all genotypes were affected, but partially resistant varieties could be clearly recognized by a significantly lower disease index (p < 0.05), and no genotype was resistant to all four diseases. Newly developed breeding lines showed overall higher disease resistance than commercial cultivars, particularly to R. solani and P. irregulare. This study found genetic variability in edamame, which can be helpful in breeding for resistance or tolerance to early-season diseases. The result will promote domestic edamame production and further strengthen and diversify agricultural economies in the U.S.
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    'VT Sweet': A vegetable soybean cultivar for commercial edamame production in the mid-Atlantic USA
    Zhang, Bo; Lord, Nilanka; Kuhar, Thomas P.; Duncan, Susan E.; Huang, Haibo; Ross, W. Jeremy; Rideout, Steven L.; Arancibia, Ramon A.; Reiter, Mark S.; Li, Song; Chen, Pengyin; Mozzoni, Leandro; Gillen, Anne; Yin, Yun; Neill, Clinton L.; Carneiro, Renata C. V.; Yu, Dajun; Sutton, Kemper L.; Li, Xiaoying; Wang, Zhibo; Buss, Glenn (2021-10-26)
    Commercially viable cultivars adapted to U.S. production regions that meet consumer acceptance criteria are desperately needed by the growing domestic edamame industry. Here, we report the development and release of 'VT Sweet' (Reg. no. CV-542, PI 699062), the first vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar released by Virginia Tech. VT Sweet is a late maturity group (MG) V cultivar (relative maturity 5.6, 129 d to harvest) with determinate growth habit, purple flowers, gray pubescence, tan pod wall, and yellow hila. VT Sweet has superior characteristics for edamame such as large pod size (13.9 g/10 pods; 40.4 mm long, 11.4 mm wide, and 7.6 mm thick) and low one-bean pod proportion (15%), as well as low pod pubescence density (359 hairs/2.4 cm(2)). VT Sweet also showed high overall consumer acceptability (6.0 +/- 1.7; 9 = like extremely) and favorable tolerance to native pests. When compared with the commercial edamame check 'UA Kirksey', VT Sweet showed 102% of the check yield, a higher average field emergence rate (74.9 vs. 68.1%), and comparable consumer acceptability (6.05 vs. 6.10). Therefore, VT Sweet is an ideal cultivar for growers who are interested in commercial edamame production in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.