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Browsing by Author "Rojas, M. H."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Changes in timing of the South American Monsoon?
    Seth, Anji; Rojas, M. H.; Rauscher, S. A. (2008)
    The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 3 (CMIP3) dataset employed in this analysis of South American climate projections through the 21st century. Warm season rains associated with the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) are critical in the seasonally dry regions of Southeastern Brazil and the Bolivian Altiplano. Changes in the annual cycle of the SAMS are investigated by examining the 20th century model simulations against observations, and then evaluating differences between the projected mid (2030-2059) and late (2070-2099) 21st century climates with that of present day (1970-1999). Analysis emphasizes the annual cycle of temperature and precipitation, with an exploration of the mechanisms involved in changes including moisture transport, sea level pressure and low level winds, particularly the Andes low level jet.
  • CMIP3 projected changes in the annual cycle of the South American monsoon
    Seth, Anji; Rojas, M. H.; Rauscher, S. A. (2010)
    A warmer world will spur many changes in weather patterns and ecosystems. It is critical to predict these changes in order to mitigate their potential negative impacts. The South American monsoon is vulnerable to these changes and their prediction will assist farmers in this region in adapting. In this study, nine CMIP3 models (CCSM3, PCM, ECHAM5/MPI-OM, HadCM3, GFDL CM2, IPSL CM4, HadGEM1, MIROC3.2, CSIRO Mk3) are used to predict changes in onset, precipitation, and location of heaviest rainfall in the South American Monsoon System (SAMS). Despite the variance in model results, statistically significant changes in continental precipitation were revealed. They include reduced spring precipitation, movement in maximum precipitation, and displacement of the South Atlantic Anticyclone (SAAC). Further analysis is suggested to fully reveal and understand the impact of climate change on the South American Monsoon.
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    ¿Qué estamos aprendiendo de la experiencia con los mercados de sevicios ambientales en Costa Rica? Revisión y crítica de la literature
    Rojas, M. H.; Aylward, B. (London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2003)
    El uso de mercados y el pago de servicios ambientales es un tema que ha venido ganando terreno entre los hacedores de políticas, ambientalistas y desarrolladores alrededor del mundo. En el mundo en vías de desarrollo, Costa Rica ha liderado esfuerzos para experimentar con la aplicación de esos mecanismos. Este documento examina la literatura sobre la experiencia costarricense con el fin de visualizar lo que estamos aprendiendo de esa experiencia: ¿cómo ha calzado dentro de estas iniciativas la información técnica, científica y económica sobre servicios ambientales? ¿Qué alcance tienen el monitoreo y la evaluación de estas experiencias iniciales? El objectivo principal de esta revisión bibliográfica es identificar y analizar los materiales que estén dentro de la siguiente temática:
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    What are we learning from experiences with markets for environmental services in Costa Rica? A review and critique of the literature
    Rojas, M. H.; Aylward, B. (London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2003)
    Policymakers and practioners worldwide are increasingly interested in the use of markets and payments for environmental services. In the developing world, Costa Rica has led efforts to experiment with these mechanisms. This paper examines the Costa Rica experience to see what has been learned - how technical, scientific and economic information on environmental services has fed into these initiatives, and to what extent they are being monitored and evaluated. The principal objective of the literature review is to identify and review material that addresses among other things the local origins and development of the concept of payments and markets for environmental services, the types of existing initiatives and who is participating in them, the knowledge base underpinning market development, and the monitoring and evaluation of the initiatives to date, and the extent to which the literature assesses these initiatives in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness, and social equity and/or poverty reduction.
  • Working with community-based conservation with a gender focus: A guide
    Rojas, M. H. (Gainsville, FL: University of Florida, MERGE (Managing Ecosystems and Resources with Gender Emphasis), 2000)
    This guide uses case studies from the Parks in Peril program, a conservation initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean, to offer six steps to analyze and integrate gender into community-based conservation initiatives. It is intended to be used as a training tool for personnel working in the field, organizations and institutions, or policy. Each step provides opportunities to develop a conceptual understanding of a specific topic followed by a hands-on exercise, ultimately resulting in some form of tangible result. The topics range from developing an understanding of gender roles to understanding what kind of barriers women face in terms of participation.