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Browsing by Author "Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Payments for environmental services: A solution for biodiversity conservation?
    Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S. (IDDRI, 2006)
    "Direct payments for environmental services (PES) are increasingly becoming subject of national development strategies and of actions promoted by large networks of non-governmental conservation organizations as means to finance biodiversity conservation. They arose also partly in response to the criticism against the efficiency of traditional approaches to conservation. Based on a literature review, the objective of this note is to assemble lessons learned from PES schemes in general and for biodiversity conservation in particular. Specifically, this note synthesizes the conceptual approach and current experiences of PES, and assesses the tool with respect to its economic, social and environmental impact to thus contribute to the debate on the perspective of environmental service markets for biodiversity conservation. It concludes that PES cannot be considered as panacea for biodiversity conservation, but that they can present a promising tool notably to internalize indirect use values derived from ecosystems, such as water filtration functions of wetlands or storm protection functions of mangroves, that provide benefits to human beings outside the ecosystem and for which the traditional set of environmental policy instruments had long been deficient." (author's abstract)
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    Reducing forest emissions in Southeast Asia: A review of drivers of land-use change and how payments for environmental services (PES) schemes can affect them
    Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S.; Kongphan-Apirak, M. (Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2008)
    Southeast Asia witnesses high rates of deforestation and forest degradation. Large-scale deforestation for agriculture (notably oil palm) is driven by international market demand. Small-scale deforestation is partly driven by: market opportunities for typical smallholder crops like rubber; land races to gain or secure property rights; and in marginalised, remote areas of the countries also by poverty and population growth. Forest degradation is primarily a consequence of logging activities, especially illegal logging, driven by high international demand for timber. Logging activities are concentrated in Papua New Guinea, but also occur in Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Cambodia.
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    Reducing forest emissions in the Amazon Basin: A review of drivers of land-use change and how payments for environmental services (PES) schemes can affect them
    Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S.; Kongphan-Apirak, M.; Wunder, Sven (Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2008)
    Land-use change and deforestation in Latin America generally, and in the Amazon Basin specifically, are driven primarily by economic profitability (agricultural expansion and logging) and governance weaknesses (notably, lenient law enforcement), and only to a much lesser extent by deterministic poverty cycles. Nevertheless, poor forest dwellers (indigenous communities, smallholders, rubber tappers) have the potential to be important stakeholders in stabilising Amazonian land use. Changing incentives for big deforestation actors will likely have indirect effects also on these poor people, to the extent that they might gain or lose from deforesting and degrading activities. Large-scale strategies to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation will thus require social impact assessments that account for leakage and perverse incentive scenarios.