School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
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SPES was formed in 2017 from three departments: Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences; Horticulture; and Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science.
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Browsing School of Plant and Environmental Sciences by Content Type "Book chapter"
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- Digital Agriculture and Intelligent Farming Business Using Information and Communication Technology: A SurveyEl Idrissi, Mohammed; El Beqqali, Omar; Riffi, Jamal; Shamshiri, Redmond R.; Shafian, Sanaz; Hameed, Ibrahim A. (IntechOpen, 2022)Adopting new information and communication technology (ICT) as a solution to increase agricultural productivity and achieve food security becomes more urgent than before, particularly with the demographical explosion and the exponential increase of population worldwide. In this survey, we analyze the literature in the last decade to examine the existing fog/edge computing architectures adapted for the smart farming domain and identify the most relevant challenges resulting from the integration of IoT and fog/edge computing platforms. On the other hand, we describe the status of Blockchain usage in intelligent farming as well as the most challenges 36 this promising topic is facing. The relevant recommendations and researches needed in Blockchain topic to enhance intelligent farming sustainability are also highlighted in this paper. This survey provides also an overview of the IoT middleware dedicated to dealing with virtual sensor data. It is found through the examination that the adoption of ICT in the various farming processes helps to increase productivity with low efforts, and costs. Several challenges are faced when implementing such solutions, they are mainly related to the technological development, energy consumption, and the complexity of the environments where the solutions are implemented. Despite these constraints, it is certain that shortly several farming businesses will heavily invest to introduce more intelligence into their management methods. Furthermore, the use of sophisticated deep learning and Blockchain algorithms may contribute to the resolution of many recent farming issues.
- Genetic stocks used for potato genome sequencingVeilleux, Richard E. (Springer, 2017-12)Potato is a highly heterozygous and tetraploid crop and therefore it was a major challenge to decipher the potato genome. This chapter highlights the developmental stories of the potato genetic stock used for the whole genome sequencing by the Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium (PGSC).
- Greenhouse Automation Using Wireless Sensors and IoT Instruments Integrated with Artificial IntelligenceShamshiri, Redmond R.; Hameed, Ibrahim; Thorp, Kelly; Balasundram, Siva; Shafian, Sanaz; Fatemieh, Mohammad; Sultan, Muhammad; Mahns, Benjamin; Samiei, Saba (IntechOpen, 2021-06-16)Automation of greenhouse environment using simple timer-based actuators or by means of conventional control algorithms that require feedbacks from offline sensors for switching devices are not efficient solutions in large-scale modern greenhouses. Wireless instruments that are integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and knowledge-based decision support systems have attracted growers’ attention due to their implementation flexibility, contribution to energy reduction, and yield predictability. Sustainable production of fruits and vegetables under greenhouse environments with reduced energy inputs entails proper integration of the existing climate control systems with IoT automation in order to incorporate real-time data transfer from multiple sensors into AI algorithms and crop growth models using cloud-based streaming systems. This chapter provides an overview of such an automation workflow in greenhouse environments by means of distributed wireless nodes that are custom-designed based on the powerful dual-core 32-bit microcontroller with LoRa modulation at 868 MHz. Sample results from commercial and research greenhouse experiments with the IoT hardware and software have been provided to show connection stability, robustness, and reliability. The presented setup allows deployment of AI on embedded hardware units such as CPUs and GPUs, or on cloud-based streaming systems that collect precise measurements from multiple sensors in different locations inside greenhouse environments.
- Soybean Amino Acids in Health, Genetics, and EvaluationSinger, William Monte; Zhang, Bo; Mian, M. A. Rouf; Huan, Haibo (IntechOpen, 2019)Soybean is an important source of protein and amino acids for humans and livestock because of its well-balanced amino acid profile. This chapter outlines the strengths and weaknesses of soybean as a complete amino acid source as well as the relative importance of individual amino acids. Special attention is paid to the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine. Breeding and genetic engineering efforts are summarized to highlight previous accomplishments in amino acid improvement and potential avenues for future research. Agronomic properties and processing methods that affect amino acid levels in soybean food and feed are also explained. A brief introduction into current amino acid evaluation techniques is provided. By understanding the complexities of amino acids in soybean, protein quality for humans and liv estock can be maximized.
- Soybean Production, Versatility, and ImprovementShea, Zachary; Singer, William Monte; Zhang, Bo (IntechOpen, 2020)Soybean is one of the most widely planted and used legumes in the world due to its valuable seed composition. The many significant agronomic practices that are utilized in soybean production are highlighted with an emphasis on those used during the pregrowing season and growing season. The various pests of soybeans and the pest management strategies used to control them are described with special attention to insects, weeds, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. The multitude of soybean uses for livestock and human consumption, and its industrial uses are discussed in this chapter. Additionally, the conventional breeding and genetic engineering attempts to improve soybean protein, oil, and sucrose content as well as eliminate the antinutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors, raffinose, stachyose, and phytate, are examined. In this chapter, the various management practices, uses, and breeding efforts of soybean will be discussed.