Scholarly Works, Center for Tire Research (CenTiRe)
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- Modular Modeling of a Half-Vehicle System Using Generalized Receptance Coupling and Frequency-Based Substructuring (GRCFBS)Hamedi, Behzad; Taheri, Saied (MDPI, 2024-11-11)This paper presents an advanced modular modeling approach for vertical vibration analysis of dynamic systems using the Generalized Receptance Coupling and Frequency-Based Substructuring (GRCFBS) method. The focus is on a four-DoF half-vehicle model comprising three key subsystems: front suspension, rear suspension, and the vehicle’s trimmed body. The proposed technique is designed to predict dynamic responses in reconfigurable systems across various applications, including automotive, robotics, mechanical machinery, and aerospace structures. By coupling the receptance matrices (FRFs) of individual vehicle modules, the overall system receptance matrix is efficiently derived in a disassembled configuration. Two generalized coupling methods, originally developed by Jetmundsen and D.D. Klerk, are employed to determine the complete vehicle’s receptance matrix from its subsystems. Validation is achieved by comparing the results with established methods, such as direct solution and modal analysis, demonstrating high accuracy and reliability for complex dynamic systems. This modular approach allows for the creation of reduced-order models focused on key measurement points without the need for detailed system representation. The method offers significant advantages in early-stage vehicle development, providing critical insights into system vibration behavior.
- Extending Generalized Explicit Terms and Applying Euler–Bernoulli Beam Theory to Enhance Dynamic Response Prediction in Receptance Coupling MethodHamedi, Behzad; Taheri, Saied (MDPI, 2024-12-18)This paper presents a theoretical framework to enhance the prediction of dynamic responses in complex mechanical systems, such as vehicle structures, by incorporating both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Traditional receptance coupling methods often neglect rotational effects, leading to significant inaccuracies at higher frequencies. Additionally, approaches that implicitly include full dynamics frequently result in redundancy of generalized coordinates, especially at connection points. To address these limitations, the generalized receptance coupling method using Frequency-Based Substructuring is extended to explicitly account for rotational dynamics resulting in a refined GRCFBS approach. This extension enhances both the understanding and prediction of system responses, which are represented through the receptance matrix or Frequency Response Function. Building on Jetmundsen’s foundational work, the proposed framework introduces a practical, generalized formulation that explicitly incorporates full translational and rotational dynamics at each substructure node. This explicit definition provides deeper insights into system behavior, particularly for complex interactions between substructures under weak and strong coupling scenarios at interface points. The Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is employed to model rotational behavior at critical points, yielding reduced-order and explicit receptance matrices for substructures in the coupling process. The methodology’s accuracy and applicability in capturing resonance and anti-resonance modes are validated through two case studies: the coupling of two flexible subsystems and the integration of flexible and rigid components. Results are benchmarked against numerical finite element analysis, and all limitations and potential improvements are discussed. By directly incorporating rotational dynamics directly, this approach enables more reliable dynamic response predictions under multi-directional loading conditions, particularly for vehicle and machinery system design. The GRCFBS method offers a versatile and reliable tool for dynamic system analysis, with significant potential for vibration analysis over a broad frequency range.
- An Efficient Systematic Methodology for Noise and Vibration Analysis of a Reconfigurable Dynamic System Using Receptance Coupling FormulationHamedi, Behzad; Taheri, Saied (MDPI, 2024-11-29)This study presents a generalized and systematic approach to modeling complex dynamic systems using Frequency-Based Substructuring (FBS). The aim is to develop an efficient method for system identification and subsystem decomposition, enabling the creation of reduced-order models for non-linear dynamic systems that are modular and reconfigurable. The methodology combines receptance (Frequency Response Function, FRF) properties from individual subsystems to predict the overall system’s response. This technique extends existing methods by Jetmundsen and D.D. Klerk and adapts them to subsystems with full degrees of freedom (DoFs), making it suitable for flexible and distributed structures. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the method is applied to vehicle noise and vibration analysis, where subsystems are initially treated as rigid bodies, but are later adapted to flexible characteristics. The results show that this hybrid approach accurately predicts system responses, offering significant advantages for NVH target setting when subsystem FRF matrices are sourced either from testing or numerical simulations. This methodology enhances the capability to model complex dynamic systems with improved precision and reduced computational cost. A comparison with traditional modeling techniques confirms the validity of the approach.
- Analysis of Tire-Road Interaction: A Literature ReviewFathi, Haniyeh; El-Sayegh, Zeinab; Ren, Jing; El-Gindy, Moustafa (MDPI, 2024-11-14)This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of the most popular and recent work on passenger and truck tires. Previous papers discuss a huge amount of work on the modeling of passenger car tires using finite element analysis. In addition, recent works on tire–road interaction and the validation of tires using experimental measurements have been described. Moreover, the history of the tire-road contact algorithms is explained. In addition, friction modeling that is implemented in tire–road interaction applications are discussed. Also, a summary of current state-of-the-art research work definitions and requirements of the tread rubber compound are covered from previous studies using various literature reviews and hyper-viscoelastic material models that are implemented for the tread top and the tread base rubber compound. Furthermore, the effect of tire temperature from previous works is presented here. Finally, this literature review also highlights the shortcomings of recent research work and describes the areas lacking in the literature.
- Reduced-Order Modeling for Dynamic System Identification with Lumped and Distributed Parameters via Receptance Coupling Using Frequency-Based Substructuring (FBS)Hamedi, Behzad; Taheri, Saied (MDPI, 2024-10-19)Paper presents an effective technique for developing reduced-order models to predict the dynamic responses of systems using the receptance coupling and frequency-based substructuring (RCFBS) method. The proposed approach is particularly suited for reconfigurable dynamic systems across various applications, like cars, robots, mechanical machineries, and aerospace structures. The methodology focuses on determining the overall system receptance matrix by coupling the receptance matrices (FRFs) of individual subsystems in a disassembled configuration. Two case studies, one with distributed parameters and the other with lumped parameters, are used to illustrate the application of this approach. The first case involves coupling three substructures with flexible components under fixed–fixed boundary conditions, while the second case examines the coupling of subsystems characterized by multiple masses, springs, and dampers, with various internal and connection degrees of freedom. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated against a numerical finite element analysis (FEA), direct methods, and a modal analysis. The results demonstrate the reliability of RCFBS in predicting dynamic responses for reconfigurable systems, offering an efficient framework for reduced-order modeling by focusing on critical points of interest without the need to account for detailed modeling with numerous degrees of freedom.
- 3D printed graphene-based self-powered strain sensors for smart tires in autonomous vehiclesMaurya, Deepam; Khaleghian, Seyedmeysam; Sriramdas, Rammohan; Kumar, Prashant; Kishore, Ravi Anant; Kang, Min-Gyu; Kumar, Vireshwar; Song, Hyun-Cheol; Lee, Seul-Yi; Yan, Yongke; Park, Jung-Min (Jerry); Taheri, Saied; Priya, Shashank (2020-10-26)The transition of autonomous vehicles into fleets requires an advanced control system design that relies on continuous feedback from the tires. Smart tires enable continuous monitoring of dynamic parameters by combining strain sensing with traditional tire functions. Here, we provide breakthrough in this direction by demonstrating tire-integrated system that combines direct mask-less 3D printed strain gauges, flexible piezoelectric energy harvester for powering the sensors and secure wireless data transfer electronics, and machine learning for predictive data analysis. Ink of graphene based material was designed to directly print strain sensor for measuring tire-road interactions under varying driving speeds, normal load, and tire pressure. A secure wireless data transfer hardware powered by a piezoelectric patch is implemented to demonstrate self-powered sensing and wireless communication capability. Combined, this study significantly advances the design and fabrication of cost-effective smart tires by demonstrating practical self-powered wireless strain sensing capability. Designing efficient sensors for smart tires for autonomous vehicles remains a challenge. Here, the authors present a tire-integrated system that combines direct mask-less 3D printed strain gauges, flexible piezoelectric energy harvester for powering the sensors and secure wireless data transfer electronics, and machine learning for predictive data analysis.