Development of a Gaussian Process Model as a Surrogate to Study Load Bridging Performance in Racked Pallets

Current pallet design methodology frequently underestimates the load capacity of the pallet by assuming the payload is uniformly distributed and flexible. By considering the effect of payload characteristics and their interactions during pallet design, the structure of pallets can be optimized and raw material consumption reduced. The objective of this study was to develop a full description of how such payload characteristics affect load bridging on unit loads of stacked corrugated boxes on warehouse racking support. To achieve this goal, the authors expanded on a previously developed finite element model of a simplified unit load segment and conducted a study to screen for the significant factors and interactions. Subsequently, a Gaussian process (GP) regression model was developed to efficiently and accurately replicate the simulation model. Using this GP model, a quantification of the effects and interactions of all the identified significant factors was provided. With this information, packaging designers and researchers can engineer unit loads that consider the effect of the relevant design variables and their impact on pallet performance. Such a model has not been previously developed and can potentially reduce packaging materials’ costs.