In this study, the dilemmas faced by higher education managers who attempt faculty desegregation within the narrow framework (affirmative action) provided by the courts and the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) were explored (e.g., merit vs. affirmative action, maintenance of a value consensus while facilitating change, the need for sensitive leadership). Some managers are successful in hiring minority faculty but not in retaining them. Others are still trying to determine how they can successfully recruit and retain these faculty.

This exploratory study on faculty desegregation is designed to identify the factors that influence the decisions of black faculty at two public traditionally white institutions (TWIs) and of white faculty at two public traditionally black institutions (TBIs) to accept, remain in and consider leaving faculty positions at such institutions. (In this study, white faculty at TBIs and black faculty at TWIs are referred to as "other-race" faculty.) The study also assesses the viability of affirmative action as a strategy for desegregation.

The research methodology included a survey of higher education managers, and interviews with and a survey of other-race faculty opinions.

Conclusions

1. Black faculty express strong sentiments in support of affirmative action which influence them to remain in their jobs but could influence them to leave TWIs.

2. Fewer black than white faculty expect promotions when accepting jobs at TWIs.

3. Black faculty are influenced, in part, to accept jobs at TWIs due to campus recreational facilities.

4. More white than black faculty will consider leaving their jobs due to compensation concerns.

5. White faculty will consider leaving TBIs due to concerns about the poor reputations of TBIs and low academic level of students.

6. All other-race faculty employment decisions are influenced by the geographical location of their universities.

This study does not support alternative methods for desegregation (e.g., freedom of choice, closing of TBIs) but indicates that affirmative action is the least destructive and most feasible option for faculty desegregation.

Higher education managers must and can provide sensitive leadership while maneuvering within the narrow framework provided by OCR and the courts to desegregate their faculties.