All Faculty Deposits
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The "All Faculty Deposits" collection contains works deposited by faculty and appointed delegates from the Elements (EFARs) system. For help with Elements, see Frequently Asked Questions on the Provost's website. In general, items can only be deposited if the item is a scholarly article that is covered by Virginia Tech's open access policy, or the item is openly licensed or in the public domain, or the item is permitted to be posted online under the journal/publisher policy, or the depositor owns the copyright. See Right to Deposit on the VTechWorks Help page. If you have questions email us at vtechworks@vt.edu.
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- The Inclusive World of Multisensory TypographyDee, Meaghan (2022-03-07)
- Handwriting is Dying. What Does That Mean For Design?Dee, Meaghan (2021-10-13)
- Parlons TechnologieOverbay, Andrew (2022-07-13)
- Enhancing safety in the ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke population: exploring the efficacy of self-releasing chair alarm beltsWeppner, Justin; Gee, Alaric; Mesina, Kevin (BMJ, 2024-02-21)Introduction A quality improvement study evaluated the effectiveness of implementing self-releasing chair alarm belts in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) for patients who had a stroke. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of self-releasing chair alarms as a chair-level fall preventive tool in patients who had a stroke in the IRF setting. Methods A preintervention and postintervention quality improvement study was conducted in an IRF to address the high rate of falls in the stroke population. Falls from wheelchairs were identified as a significant concern, leading to the implementation of self-releasing safety belts (Posey HeadStart Notification Sensor Belts) with alarm systems as an intervention. In the preintervention phase (July 2021 to January 2022) falls from chairs while on standard fall precautions were recorded to establish a baseline. In the intervention phase, the self-releasing chair alarm belts were introduced along with standard fall precautions. The postintervention phase spanned from February 2022 to July 2022. Results In the preintervention phase, 20 out of 86 stroke subjects experienced a total of 30 falls from chairs. However, in the postintervention phase, only one subject experienced a fall from a chair out of 104 stroke subjects. The mean percentage of subjects involved in falls decreased from 24±11.4% to 1±0.4% (p<0.00001), and the mean fall rate per 1000 patient days declined from 4.6±2 to 0.2±0.1 (p<0.0001). Conclusions The implementation of self-releasing chair alarm belts significantly reduced falls from chairs among patients who had a stroke in the IRF setting. These findings highlight the effectiveness of this intervention in improving patient safety and fall prevention in IRFs.
- Antibiotic exposure is associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disordersKerman, Ilan A.; Glover, Matthew E.; Lin, Yezhe; West, Jennifer L.; Hanlon, Alexandra L.; Kablinger, Anita S.; Clinton, Sarah M. (Frontiers, 2024-01-08)Objective: This study sought to investigate the relationship between antibiotic exposure and subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a national database of 69 million patients from 54 large healthcare organizations. We identified a cohort of 20,214 (42.5% male; 57.9 ± 15.1 years old [mean ± SD]) adults without prior neuropsychiatric diagnoses who received antibiotics during hospitalization. Matched controls included 41,555 (39.6% male; 57.3 ± 15.5 years old) hospitalized adults without antibiotic exposure. The two cohorts were balanced for potential confounders, including demographics and variables with potential to affect: the microbiome, mental health, medical comorbidity, and overall health status. Data were stratified by age and by sex, and outcome measures were assessed starting 6 months after hospital discharge. Results: Antibiotic exposure was consistently associated with a significant decrease in the risk of novel mood disorders and anxiety and stressor-related disorders in: men (mood (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77, 0.91), anxiety (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82, 0.95), women (mood (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89,1.00), anxiety (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88, 0.98), those who are 26–49 years old (mood (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.94), anxiety (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84, 0.97)), and in those ≥50 years old (mood (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.97), anxiety (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87, 0.97). Risk of intentional harm and suicidality was decreased in men (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55, 0.98) and in those ≥50 years old (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49, 0.92). Risk of psychotic disorders was also decreased in subjects ≥50 years old (OR 0.83, 95 CI: 0.69, 0.99). Conclusion: Use of antibiotics in the inpatient setting is associated with protective effects against multiple psychiatric outcomes in an age- and sex-dependent manner.
- Asian Entrepreneurship in the Coronavirus EraAmuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Borra, Cristina; Wang, Chunbei (Springer Nature, 2024-02)The COVID-19 pandemic has had a deleterious impact on the world economy. Studies have documented the disproportional impact of the pandemic on minorities, immigrants, and business owners in the USA. In this study, we use Current Population Survey monthly data spanning from January 2014 through December 2021 to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected Asian entrepreneurship. We show that the pandemic disproportionally hurt Asian entrepreneurship, particularly among immigrants, up until the end of 2020. A detailed analysis of Asian business dynamics reveals a substantial increase in self-employment exits during the first year of the pandemic. We fail to find convincing evidence of differential industry/job-type concentration, individual preferences, majority-minority disparities, narrower clientele, or differential access to government support as primary drivers for such patterns. Instead, we find suggestive evidence of discrimination playing a non-negligible role that subsided in 2021, coinciding with the rollout of vaccines.
- A taste of cell-cultured meat: a scoping reviewTo, K. V.; Comer, C. Cozette; O'Keefe, Sean F.; Lahne, Jacob (Frontiers, 2024-01-23)Cell-cultured meat (CM) is a novel meat product grown in vitro from animal cells, widely framed as equivalent to conventional meat but presented as produced in a more sustainable way. Despite its limited availability for human consumption, consumer acceptance of CM (e.g., willingness to purchase and consume) has been extensively investigated. A key but under-investigated assumption of these studies is that CM’s sensory qualities are comparable to conventional, equivalent meat products. Therefore, the current review aims to clarify what is actually known about the sensory characteristics of CM and their potential impact on consumer acceptance. To this end, a structured scoping review of existing, peer-reviewed literature on the sensory evaluation of CM was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Among the included studies (N = 26), only 5 conducted research activities that could be termed “sensory evaluation,” with only 4 of those 5 studies evaluating actual CM products in some form. The remaining 21 studies based their conclusions on the sensory characteristics of CM and consequent consumer acceptance to a set of hypothetical CM products and consumption experiences, often with explicitly positive information framing. In addition, many consumer acceptance studies in the literature have the explicit goal to increase the acceptance of CM, with some authors (researchers) acting as direct CM industry affiliates; this may be a source of bias on the level of consumer acceptance toward these products. By separating what is known about CM sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance from what is merely speculated, the current review reported realistic expectations of CM’s sensory characteristics within the promissory narratives of CM proponents.
- Effects of establishment fertilization on Landsat-assessed leaf area development of loblolly pine standsHouse, Matthew N.; Wynne, Randolph H.; Thomas, Valerie A.; Cook, Rachel L.; Carter, David R.; Van Mullekom, Jennifer H.; Rakestraw, Jim; Schroeder, Todd A. (Elsevier, 2024-03-15)Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the southeastern United States are among the world's most intensively managed forest plantations. Under intensive management, a common practice is fertilizing at establishment. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of establishment fertilization on leaf area development of loblolly pine plantation stands (n = 3997) over 16 years compared to stands that did not receive nutrient additions at planting. Leaf area index (LAI) is a meaningful biophysical indicator of vigor and an important functional and structural element of a planted stand. The study area was stratified by plant hardiness zone to account for climatic differences and soil type (texture and drainage class), using the Cooperative Research in Forest Fertilization (CRIFF) groupings. LAI was estimated from Landsat imagery to create trajectories of mean stand LAI over 16 years. Establishment fertilization, on average, (1) increased stand LAI beginning at year two, with a peak at years six and seven, and (2) decreased the time required for a stand to reach a winter LAI of 1.5 by almost two years. Fertilization responses varied by climate zone and soil drainage class, where the warmest zones benefited the most, particularly in poorly drained soils. Past year 10, the differences in LAI between fertilized and unfertilized stands were not practically important. Using Landsat data in a cloud-computing environment, we demonstrated the benefits of establishment fertilization to stand LAI development using a large sample over the native range of loblolly pine.
- Age-dependent ventilator-induced lung injury: Mathematical modeling, experimental data, and statistical analysisHay, Quintessa; Grubb, Christopher; Minucci, Sarah; Valentine, Michael S.; Van Mullekom, Jennifer H.; Heise, Rebecca L.; Reynolds, Angela M. (PLOS, 2024-02-22)A variety of pulmonary insults can prompt the need for life-saving mechanical ventilation; however, misuse, prolonged use, or an excessive inflammatory response, can result in ventilator-induced lung injury. Past research has observed an increased instance of respiratory distress in older patients and differences in the inflammatory response. To address this, we performed high pressure ventilation on young (2-3 months) and old (20-25 months) mice for 2 hours and collected data for macrophage phenotypes and lung tissue integrity. Large differences in macrophage activation at baseline and airspace enlargement after ventilation were observed in the old mice. The experimental data was used to determine plausible trajectories for a mathematical model of the inflammatory response to lung injury which includes variables for the innate inflammatory cells and mediators, epithelial cells in varying states, and repair mediators. Classification methods were used to identify influential parameters separating the parameter sets associated with the young or old data and separating the response to ventilation, which was measured by changes in the epithelial state variables. Classification methods ranked parameters involved in repair and damage to the epithelial cells and those associated with classically activated macrophages to be influential. Sensitivity results were used to determine candidate in-silico interventions and these interventions were most impact for transients associated with the old data, specifically those with poorer lung health prior to ventilation. Model results identified dynamics involved in M1 macrophages as a focus for further research, potentially driving the age-dependent differences in all macrophage phenotypes. The model also supported the pro-inflammatory response as a potential indicator of age-dependent differences in response to ventilation. This mathematical model can serve as a baseline model for incorporating other pulmonary injuries.
- Rare Occurrence of Extradigital Glomangioma in the Prepatellar Bursa of a 40-Year-Old: A Case StudyCrawford, Dylan C.; O'Malley, Michael; Samuel, Linsen T. (Indian Orthopaedic Research Group, 2022-07)INTRODUCTION: A solitary subcutaneous mass can be a common clinical finding for patients symptomatic for knee pain, especially when direct pressure by kneeling on the anterior aspect of the knee causes pain. CASE REPORT: We present a 40-year-old who noticed a small fluid filled mass that has become progressively larger and more painful over the past 7 years. The patient's primary complaint was sharp pain with direct contact. Ultimately, a surgical excision was performed to remove the mass. The histopathological report came back as a glomangioma, a subtype of a glomus tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest reported case of a glomangioma of the knee. CONCLUSION: Glomus tumors found on the digital and subungual regions of patients are a common clinical finding. An extradigital occurrence of a glomangioma, a subtype of a glomus tumor, is rarely found, especially in younger patients. Therefore, a histopathological examination must be done after the removal of any subcutaneous mass.
- Assessment of Recycled and Manufactured Adsorptive Materials for Phosphate Removal from Municipal WastewaterDrummond, Deja; Brink, Shannon; Bell, Natasha (UCOWR, 2024)Elevated concentrations of phosphorus (P) and other nutrients common in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent have been shown to contribute to the proliferation of harmful algal blooms, which may lead to fish kills related to aquatic hypoxia. Increased understanding of the negative effects associated with elevated P concentrations have prompted more strict regulation of WWTP effluent in recent years. The use of low-cost and potentially regenerative adsorptive phosphate filters has the potential to decrease P concentrations in WWTP effluent released to natural waters. This research focuses on assessing the capacities of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), expanded slate, and expanded clay to remove phosphate from P-amended WWTP effluent. Results from a flow-through column study indicate that RCA consistently removed an average of 97% of phosphate over 20 weeks of continuous flow at an 8-hour hydraulic retention time (HRT). Expanded clay removed an average of 63% of introduced phosphate but decreased in removal capacity from 91 to 42% over the 20-week duration. Sorption data from batch studies were fitted to Langmuir models and RCA was shown to have the highest maximum sorption capacity (6.16 mg P/g), followed by expanded clay (3.65 mg P/g). RCA and expanded clay are promising options for use in passive filters for further reduction of phosphate from WWTP effluent.
- Newton's wet moet rechtgezet: Hoe een 18e-eeuwse vertaalfout de wereld in de war bracht over de Eerste Wet van NewtonHoek, Daniel (2024)De eerste wet van Newton, ook bekend als het traagheidsprincipe, staat al eeuwenlang verkeerd in de boeken. Dit is het gevolg van een betreurenswaardige vergissing door de broer van een haastige boekenverkoper uit de achttiende eeuw. Het wordt hoog tijd om dit mistverstand eindelijk eens recht te zetten: Newtons echte eerste wet is fundamenteler en minder verwarrend dan de versie die we kennen.
- Value Creation and Tension in Coopetition: The Emergence of Virtuous and Vicious CyclesRyan-Charleton, Tadhg; Gnyawali, Devi R. (Academy of Management, 2021-08)Literature on tension in coopetition has focused almost exclusively on ‘simultaneity tension’, which is rooted in the interplay of simultaneous competition and cooperation. Our paper identifies and unpacks a distinct ‘value tension’ which occurs due to simultaneous firm value creation and joint value creation in coopetition. We layout incompatibilities between firm value creation, which is collaborative, and joint value creation, which is cooperative, and articulate the inherent challenges of pursuing both simultaneously. Efforts to pursue both can pull resources in opposing directions, forego scale and scope advantages, and undermine isolating mechanisms that are at odds with each other. We illuminate positive and negative synergies depending on the extent to which firm value creation and joint value creation are pursued simultaneously and how the ensuing tension is managed. We suggest that subsequent behaviors may reinforce the positives, leading to virtuous cycles, or negatives, leading to vicious cycles. Our integration of the coopetition literatures on tension and value with broader strategic management discourse regarding value creation provides novel future-focused insights concerning coopetition and interorganizational relationships.
- Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Food, Food Waste, and Water from the Chobe Region of BotswanaBywater, Auja L.; Ponder, Monica A.; Alexander, Kathleen A. (2023-04-21)
- Antibiotic Susceptibility of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli from meat and produce available in the Chobe region of BotswanaSaunders, Rachel; Bywater, Auja L.; Fleming, Madison; Kelly, Christine; Nuckolls, Evan; Alexander, Kathleen A.; Ponder, Monica A. (2023-04-21)
- Cultivating intellectual community in academia: reflections from the Science and Technology Studies Food and Agriculture Network (STSFAN)Burch, Karly; Gugganig, Mascha; Guthman, Julie; Reisman, Emily; Comi, Matt; Brock, Samara; Kagliwal, Barkha; Freidberg, Susanne; Baur, Patrick; Heimstaedt, Cornelius; Sippel, Sarah Ruth; Speakman, Kelsey; Marquis, Sarah; Arguelles, Lucia; Biltekoff, Charlotte; Broad, Garrett; Bronson, Kelly; Faxon, Hilary; Frohlich, Xaq; Ghosh, Ritwick; Halfon, Saul; Legun, Katharine; Martin, Sarah J. (Springer, 2023-05)Scholarship flourishes in inclusive environments where open deliberations and generative feedback expand both individual and collective thinking. Many researchers, however, have limited access to such settings, and most conventional academic conferences fall short of promises to provide them. We have written this Field Report to share our methods for cultivating a vibrant intellectual community within the Science and Technology Studies Food and Agriculture Network (STSFAN). This is paired with insights from 21 network members on aspects that have allowed STSFAN to thrive, even amid a global pandemic. Our hope is that these insights will encourage others to cultivate their own intellectual communities, where they too can receive the support they need to deepen their scholarship and strengthen their intellectual relationships.
- #InspireInclusion: Addressing the Undue Service Burden Placed on Women Faculty in PsychologyBreaux, Rosanna (The Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2024-03-08)
- Mobilizing in Uncertainty: Collective Identities and War in Abkhazia [Book review]Toal, Gerard (Wiley, 2023-01-19)
- General boundary value problems of a class of fifth order KdV equations on a bounded intervalSriskandasingam, Mayuran; Sun, Shu Ming; Zhang, Bing-yu Y. (2024)
- NAPE-PLD regulates specific baseline affective behaviors but is dispensable for inflammatory hyperalgesiaChen, Irene; Murdaugh, Laura B.; Miliano, Cristina; Dong, Yuyang; Gregus, Ann M.; Buczynski, Matthew W. (Elsevier, 2023-06-14)N-acyl-ethanolamine (NAEs) serve as key endogenous lipid mediators as revealed by manipulation of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the primary enzyme responsible for metabolizing NAEs. Preclinical studies focused on FAAH or NAE receptors indicate an important role for NAE signaling in nociception and affective behaviors. However, there is limited information on the role of NAE biosynthesis in these same behavioral paradigms. Biosynthesis of NAEs has been attributed largely to the enzyme N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine Phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), one of three pathways capable of producing these bioactive lipids in the brain. In this report, we demonstrate that Nape-pld knockout (KO) mice displayed reduced sucrose preference and consumption, but other baseline anxiety-like or depression-like behaviors were unaltered. Additionally, we observed sex-dependent responses in thermal nociception and other baseline measures in wildtype (WT) mice that were absent in Nape-pld KO mice. In the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory arthritis, WT mice exhibited sex-dependent changes in paw edema that were lost in Nape-pld KO mice. However, there was no effect of Nape-pld deletion on arthritic pain-like behaviors (grip force deficit and tactile allodynia) in either sex, indicating that while NAPE-PLD may alter local inflammation, it does not contribute to pain-like behaviors associated with inflammatory arthritis. Collectively, these findings indicate that chronic and systemic NAPE-PLD inactivation will likely be well-tolerated, warranting further pharmacological evaluation of this target in other disease indications.