All Faculty Deposits

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https://hdl.handle.net/10919/70873

The "All Faculty Deposits" collection contains works deposited by faculty and appointed delegates from the Elements (EFARs) system. For help with Elements, see Frequently Asked Questions on the Provost's website. In general, items can only be deposited if the item is a scholarly article that is covered by Virginia Tech's open access policy, or the item is openly licensed or in the public domain, or the item is permitted to be posted online under the journal/publisher policy, or the depositor owns the copyright. See Right to Deposit on the VTechWorks Help page. If you have questions email us at vtechworks@vt.edu.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 5544

Foreign expansion strategy and performance
Mas-Ruiz, Francisco J.; Nicolau, Juan Luis; Ruiz-Moreno, Felipe (Emerald, 2002-08-01)
The aim of this study is to examine the determining factors of a firm's performance, as a direct consequence of its diversification strategy in its expansion into foreign markets, considering certain factors like the market, the product and the company itself. As a novelty, the methodology employed uses the event-study to estimate the excess of returns generated by its shares on the Stock Market, based on a sample, of 35 expansion announcements into external markets corresponding to 11 diversifying companies. A regression analysis is also carried out to examine the impact of these factors, market, product and company, on the excesses in returns observed. The empirical application, carried-out in Spain, has allowed us to detect that, on average, the impact of the news about a company's expansion on the returns on its shares is positive; its determining factors being the speciality of the product offered and the level of development in the target country.
LLMs for Semantic Web Query
Chen, Yinlin (2023-11-09)
The emergence of Large Language Models like GPT-4 offers unprecedented capabilities in understanding human intent and generating text. This tutorial explores the intersection of LLMs and semantic web applications, focusing on how these models can automatically generate queries that adhere to metadata standards. Participants will engage in hands-on exercises that demonstrate the integration of LLMs into a sample semantic web application. This session will offer conceptual understanding and practical skills for metadata practitioners, developers, and researchers. The aim is to enable attendees to leverage the capabilities of LLMs in enhancing semantic web applications. Target audience: Metadata practitioners, developers, researchers, and those interested in Large Language Models Expected learning outcomes: Understand LLMs and their capabilities. Gain hands-on experience and learn to generate metadata-compliant queries using LLMs. Discuss potential applications and limitations of LLMs in the semantic web. Tutorial style: Presentation, demonstration, hands-on practice, discussion and Q&A Prior knowledge required: Basic familiarity with semantic web technologies, such as RDF or SPARQL Some basic Python programming skills Participants are recommended to have: A dual-monitor setup or two computers to more easily follow along with hands-on exercises while also watching the presentation
Streamlining DBpedia Queries with Natural Language Using Large Language Models
Chen, Yinlin (2023-07-10)
The capability to query knowledge bases like DBpedia using natural language is an emerging approach in the semantic web and linked data. This presentation highlights the use of GPT, a large language model (LLM), to examine its potential for interpreting natural language queries and retrieving information from linked data repositories. Think of the convenience of querying DBpedia with questions such as "Where was Albert Einstein born?" or "Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature?". To retrieve such information today, one must understand and write SPARQL queries. LLMs, like GPT-4, have the potential to translate these natural language queries into SPARQL, thereby making DBpedia more accessible to those without technical expertise in SPARQL. This approach improves the search experience and paves the way for more intuitive interaction with linked data. While there are challenges to this approach, including ensuring the accuracy of generated SPARQL queries and handling ambiguous natural language inputs, the integration of GPT-4 with DBpedia opens up a new avenue in information retrieval. This presentation will explore this promising approach, demonstrating its potential to modify our interaction with linked data and influence its practical use in the future.
Exploring Collegiate Co-Teaching in Leadership Education for Faculty Development and Student Success
McCain, Kate; Sunderman, Hannah M.; Council, Austin; Kaufman, Eric K.; Walz, Jerald H.; Friedel, Curtis R. (2024-07-15)
Models and practices of co-teaching have been extensively studied in K-12 and teacher education contexts; however, the application and impact at the university level remains limited. Collegiate co-teaching transcends traditional instructional paradigms. Aligned with the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL), co-teaching becomes a vital facet of faculty development, (Cordie et al., 2020) and student outcomes (Beck & Heck, 2007; Lock et al., 2018). This panel delves into the overlooked realm of co-teaching within higher education, specifically leadership courses, showcasing different approaches and examining the associated benefits for both students and faculty. To our knowledge, there is no literature on co-teaching specifically within leadership education. Panelists will shed light on innovative co-teaching strategies employed in leadership courses for pedagogical and professional mentoring purposes. The panel will also provide valuable insights into this powerful tool for faculty development and student engagement in leadership education. Specifically, participants will (1) learn about different examples of collegiate co-teaching in leadership education, (2) understand the benefits of co-teaching from a student and instructor perspective, and (3) engage in an interactive discussion to explore implementing co-teaching practices into their courses.
Exploring Students’ Definitions of Leadership: Implications for Leadership Education
Olowoyo, Olamide; Council, Austin; Kaufman, Eric K. (2024-07-14)
Leadership has gained prominence over time as a subject of scholarly inquiry. Its evolving nature and dynamism, coupled with different perspectives and views of individuals, call for continuous research. Understanding how individuals perceive leadership particularly students who are future leaders is germane for leadership education in our ever-changing world. This study explores students’ perspectives and definitions of leadership and the implications of these for leadership development. Such insights can help shape leadership education programs to better align with students’ needs and aspirations. The study analyzed 709 responses from undergraduate students who applied to an interdisciplinary leadership minor at Virginia Tech between 2015 and 2022. Employing a qualitative approach, this research explores the diverse definitions and conceptualization of leadership provided by the students. Through a thematic analysis of students' definitions of leadership, the findings reveal support for the four waves of leadership: heroic, relational, pluralistic, and leadership-as-practice. This study highlights the importance of engaging students’ perspectives when developing leadership programs, introducing a class activity for leadership educators to apply the research findings. By aligning leadership development programs with students’ perspectives, leadership educators and educational institutions can promote efficient and relevant leadership experiences that will empower students to be effective future leaders.
Youth Leadership Programs and Socio-Economic Development: The Case of Nigeria
Oyedare, Israel; Kaufman, Eric K.; Abisoye, Oyinkansola; Ogunniyi, Tolulope; Dauda, Zakariya'u; Omogiate, Daborah; Adedayo, Mary; Adeniyi, Israel (2024-07-14)
For a long time, the notion that youth are the bedrock of the society and leaders of tomorrow has been a widely adopted belief by many, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria; however, only limited development has been experienced regarding improvements in the socioeconomic status of Nigerian youth. This research exposes some of the socio-economic issues affecting youth and highlights potential approaches to mitigating them. Moreover, the research acknowledges the impact of government initiatives and non-governmental youth leadership development programs have on the socio-economic condition of Nigeria. Findings from the literature review conducted revealed that present youth leadership development programs are narrow-focused, specialized majorly on food security and agriculture with lesser emphasis on non-agricultural sectors, and with short-term impacts. The authors recommend that youth leadership development should be deliberately and comprehensively planned and structured in a way that long-term impacts for both the individual youth and the nation are achieved. This poster presentation is a final research project completed by participants of a leadership research training program organized by the Teens and Youth in Leadership (TYIL), a leadership education focused non-governmental organization based in Nigeria.
State Administrators’ Perspectives on the Environmental Factors Facing Cooperative Extension
Elliott-Engel, Jeremy; Westfall-Rudd, Donna M.; Kaufman, Eric K.; Seibel, Megan M.; Radhakrishna, Rama (American Association for Agricultural Education, 2024-06-30)
Cooperative Extension is a complex organization with a mission to deliver research from the Land-Grant University to all U.S. communities. To inform the direction for organization adaptation, this qualitative study investigated Extension administrator perspectives of the environmental factor changes facing the organization. Findings reveal that Extension needs to respond to shifts in funding and clientele demographics. Organizational adaptation can cause long-term stakeholders to fear loss and act against the organization. Administrators must be responsive to traditional stakeholder concerns and build a shared understanding of the mission to reduce shifting focus friction and facilitate the organization adaptation necessary for survival.
A Pilot Study Exploring the Presence of Leadership Curricula in Undergraduate Medical Education
Korndorffer, Melanie; Dewsnap, Michael A.; Barry, Erin S.; Grunberg, Neil; Musick, David W.; Quinn, Joann Farrell (Springer, 2024-04-02)
Introduction The physician’s role in the healthcare delivery system extends beyond patient care to include numerous critical leadership roles in healthcare. In addition to treating patients, physicians manage multidisciplinary teams and influence policies to optimise public health. Yet, leadership education is not currently emphasised as part of undergraduate medical education. The purpose of this pilot study was to survey US allopathic medical schools about their current leadership curricula for medical students, including aspects that promote or inhibit effective curricular implementation. Methods A survey was developed and administered to representatives at US allopathic medical schools regarding the presence and nature of leadership curricula for medical students currently in place, as well as barriers to effective implementation. Results A total of 41 of 144 medical schools (28%) responded to the survey. Of the schools that responded, 25 schools reported the presence of a leadership curriculum. Primary competencies and goals were similar among these institutions, but the structure of the curriculum and how it is being implemented varied. The study did not identify consistent methods of assessing student leadership competencies. Themes of improved communication and integration within the curriculum emerged as actions promoting successful implementation. Financial restraints and buy-in among stakeholder groups (eg, faculty, staff and students) were mentioned most frequently as barriers to the effective implementation of leadership curricula. Conclusions Although leadership education within undergraduate medical education is emphasised by a variety of groups, including the Association of American Medical Colleges, medical schools do not appear to universally address this topic. The Liaison Committee on Medical Education, the primary accrediting body for medical schools, does not currently require leadership education as a core topic for accreditation. To provide effective education on leadership to medical students, administrative bodies could improve their support for this topic by considering the factors identified that both hinder and promote implementation.
Massive infected pancreatic necrosis in an 8-year-old: Endoscopic management
Abel, William F.; Kesar, Varun; Wasserman, Reid D.; Kumar, Manoj; Patel, Vishal; Yeaton, Paul; Kesar, Vivek (Wiley, 2024-02-14)
Pancreatitis is a condition much more commonly found in adults, but when diagnosed in the pediatric population, is often due to medications, congenital pathology, and critical illness. This patient had previously undergone treatment with 6-mercaptopurine and presented with pancreatitis that eventually worsened to a walled-off necrotic collection with paracolic extensions reaching the pelvis. Given clinical worsening with development of shock, procedural options for source control were weighed with gastroenterology, pediatric surgery, and interventional radiology, before pancreatic necrosectomy was determined to be the treatment of choice, given the adjacency of the collection to the stomach. A total of three separate endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy procedures were performed and the patient s clinical status improved greatly, with vast improvement later seen on outpatient imaging. This successful treatment course argues for the efficacy of pancreatic necrosectomy even in very large walled off collections, and most importantly, lead to a positive outcome in this young patient.
Projecting Food Insecurity in Southwest Virginia
Hamilton, Nicholas; Jones, Mia; Gard, Emily; Zimmerman, Piper; Chen, Susan; Cary, Michael; Kaufman, Eric K. (2024-07-25)
Food insecurity is a socioeconomic condition in which a household does not have access to enough nutritious food to sustain a healthy lifestyle for all its members. In Virginia, food insecurity rates are highest in the southwest region of the state. This project aims to support food banks, including Feeding Southwest Virginia, by simulating food insecurity rates through 2027 in Southwest Virginia. Drawing from the literature on food insecurity, we selected relevant variables related to food insecurity from the American Community Survey and Bureau of Labor Statistics data. These variables were then forecasted at the county level using a time series forecasting model. The historical data was used to train a machine learning model which utilizes these factors to predict food insecurity rates. The forecasted data was then fed into the machine learning model to create projected food insecurity rates across Southwest Virginia. In addition to projecting food insecurity rates, we simulated future scenarios by altering the values for key factors individually. We displayed these findings on an online interactive map that allows the user to compare the food insecurity rates for each county or city by year and see the changes between years. The user can also see the locations of farmers markets, grocery and dollar stores, and food distribution centers in the area to consider their potential impact. This map will serve as a tool for Feeding Southwest Virginia in determining their resource allocation and to demonstrate the need for more aid in particular areas.
Transforming Libraries for the Future: Elevating Service Innovation with Generative Artificial Intelligence and Prompt Engineering
Chen, Yinlin (2024-03-25)
This presentation introduces a specialized prompt library for academic libraries, focusing on collecting and sharing effective prompts to fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs). By gathering a wide range of prompts that reflect real-world academic queries and scenarios, this initiative seeks to enhance the adaptability and accuracy of LLMs. The prompt library acts as a vital instructional dataset for AI training and fosters a collaborative environment where librarians, educators, and researchers can exchange effective prompts and develop new techniques. This project underscores the role of bridging digital libraries, information science, and AI. It showcases how prompt engineering and generative AI can transform academic libraries into more responsive, efficient, and intelligent resources, thereby contributing to the broader communities.
Librarian-in-the-Loop Deep Learning to Curate Very Large Biomedical Image Datasets
Xie, Zhiwu; Chen, Yinlin (2024-02-01)
We present a research data management project where librarians from University of California, Riverside and Virginia Tech are deeply embedded in a research team at Yale School of Medicine to directly answer specific research questions by applying AI/Deep Learning techniques to very large biomedical images. Leveraging library resources and expertise, we have developed a prototype pipeline that identifies nuclear pores from whole cell images captured at 8 nanometer resolution by a cutting edge microscope, in the hope to reveal the cellular mechanism of one type of epilepsy and autism. This project exemplifies out data management approach that strives to engage in much earlier stages of research, e.g., even during ideation and data collection, instead of waiting till most research activities are completed to "consult" or "advice" on the very general questions on data storage or preservation. This project also highlights the importance of non generative AI approaches, which have already been widely used as research tools in a much more mature manner.
Building a full-stack Serverless Web application with React and AWS
Chen, Yinlin (2021-06-10)
Code4AI
Chen, Yinlin (2023-03-14)
How Do We Talk About Followership? Uncovering Emerging Followership Discourses through World Café
Oyedare, Israel; Kaufman, Eric K. (2024-07-15)
Until recently, research and discourses on followership have been commonly written from the standpoint of leadership. Even so, there have been arguments against the popularity of followership as an independent field of study and research. Nevertheless, many scholars and practitioners are beginning to immerse themselves in the study of followership, its discourse, and related dynamics. Using the World Café approach for data collection, this study uncovers emerging followership themes and discourses from participants of three professional conferences: the Global Followership Conference, the Association of Leadership Educators annual conference, and the International Leadership Association global conference. Data retrieved from the participants were coded thematically and findings revealed that emerging followership discourses may be categorized into three themes: “Maintaining,” “Reframing,” and “Transforming.”
Innovative research directions on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles in the context of intelligent computing technologies
Lowry, Paul Benjamin (2024-07-07)
In his keynote speech, Prof. Lowry addresses the pressing issues of global environmental, social, and governance challenges and presents ESG as a critical framework for sustainable development. He outlines the interconnected nature of these challenges, emphasizing the need for integrated and intelligent approaches to tackle them effectively. • Environmental Issues: Prof. Lowry highlights the urgency of addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and resource depletion. Climate change is driven by rising greenhouse gases, resulting in global temperature rise, increased CO2 levels, and sea-level rise. Biodiversity is under threat due to habitat destruction and species extinction. Pollution affects air, water, and soil, leading to severe health and ecological consequences. Resource depletion, particularly of water, minerals, and fossil fuels, threatens global sustainability. • Social Issues: Key social challenges include poverty, inequality, health crises, and educational disparities. Poverty affects millions, with COVID-19 exacerbating the situation. Inequality manifests in economic, gender, and racial disparities, limiting access to resources and opportunities. Health crises, such as pandemics and lack of healthcare access, undermine global well-being. Educational disparities hinder development, with significant numbers of children and adults lacking access to quality education. • Governance Issues: Governance challenges, including corruption, lack of transparency, political instability, and weak rule of law, impede sustainable development. Corruption diverts public resources and erodes trust in institutions. Transparency is essential for accountability and informed citizen participation. Political instability disrupts governance and economic development, while weak rule of law leads to injustice and human rights abuses. ESG and Intelligent Computing: Prof. Lowry argues for integrating ESG principles with intelligent computing technologies, such as AI, machine learning, data analytics, and IoT, to enhance ESG practices. These technologies can predict environmental impacts, optimize resource management, ensure fair labor practices, enhance transparency, and engage stakeholders. He presents case examples of Unilever and Singapore's Smart Nation Initiative, demonstrating successful applications of intelligent computing in addressing ESG issues. Research Opportunities: Prof. Lowry concludes by calling for trans-disciplinary collaboration and innovative research to harness intelligent computing for ESG, driving sustainable and equitable global development. In doing so, he identifies research opportunities in AI for climate change mitigation, sustainable supply chain management, environmental monitoring, social impact analysis, governance enhancement, and circular economy promotion. By advancing research in these areas, intelligent computing can significantly contribute to sustainable development and address critical ESG challenges.
Energy-Conserving Hermite Methods for Maxwell's Equations
Appelö, Daniel; Hagstrom, Thomas; Law-Kam-Cio, Yann-Meing (Springer, 2024-01-22)
Energy-conserving Hermite methods for solving Maxwell's equations in dielectric and dispersive media are described and analyzed. In three space dimensions methods of order $2m$ to $2m+2$ require $(m+1)^3$ degrees-of-freedom per node for each field variable and can be explicitly marched in time with steps independent of $m$. We prove stability for time steps limited only by domain-of-dependence requirements along with error estimates in a special seminorm associated with the interpolation process. Numerical experiments are presented which demonstrate that Hermite methods of very high order enable the efficient simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation over thousands of wavelengths.
Endoscopic management of a chronic anastomotic leak after a Billroth II procedure
Wasserman, Reid D.; Abel, William F.; Salzberg, Arnold; Kesar, Vivek; Yeaton, Paul; Kesar, Varun (Georg Thieme, 2024-01-30)
Hotels' COVID-19 innovation and performance
Sharma, Abhinav; Shin, Hakseung; Santa-María, María Jesús; Nicolau, Juan Luis (Pergamon-Elsevier, 2021-02-25)
To navigate the unchartered terrain that has resulted from the pandemic, there is a palpable need for hotels to re-assess current business practices, and quickly devise new and innovative strategies that safeguard the health and safety of guests as well as employees and, consequently, restore consumer confidence. The objective of this article is to assess the utility of these new innovations by looking at shareholders' perceptions. The empirical application shows that the innovations implemented are seen as effective, although differential effects exist among innovation types. The results could help hotels sustain and expand the innovative responses that work (among which product innovations stand out), and discontinue those that are less effective.
Understanding the dynamics of the quality of airline service attributes: Satisfiers and dissatisfiers
Park, Sangwon; Lee, Jin-Soo; Nicolau, Juan Luis (Elsevier, 2020-06-05)
This research aims to determine the relationship between the quality of airline service attributes and overall satisfaction. Although a number of relevant studies have reported a linear relationship (or symmetric effect) between the two concepts, this work suggests that attribute quality exerts heterogeneous effects on satisfaction or dissatisfaction. A total of 157,035 consumer data from online reviews have been analyzed to achieve the research objective. In accordance with Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman's (1959) two-factor theory, the findings of this research have determined that the quality of certain service attributes, such as cleanliness, food and beverages, and in-flight entertainment, affects the variations of positive ratings as a satisfier. Other airline service attributes, such as customer service and check-in and boarding, influence the deviations of negative ratings as a dissatisfier. Apart from airline attributes, the individual features and types of airline products have been estimated to improve the understanding of such relationships. In this regard, this study provides important implications to customer-centric marketing in an airline marketplace.

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